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2024-2025 > BIO (CELL DIVISIONS) mitosis and meiosis > Flashcards

BIO (CELL DIVISIONS) mitosis and meiosis Flashcards

1
Q

In _______, _______is the MEANS OF REPRODUCTION

A
  • unicellular organism
  • cell divisions
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2
Q

during the cell divisions:

A

: cell grows
: prepares for division
: divides to form two daughter cells.

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2
Q

In __________ it is the means of TISSUE GROWTH AND MAINTENANCE

A

multicellular organisms

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3
Q
  • It is the process by which a cell segregates its duplicated DNA, ultimately DIVIDING ITS NUCLEUS INTO TWO
  • This is the cell division process for the somatic cells/ body cells.
A

mitosis

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3
Q

cells with NO NUCLEUS and MEMBRANE BOUND organelles

A

prokaryotic cells

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3
Q

cells that make up your ORGANS and TISSUES

A

mitosis (somatic cells)

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3
Q

cells WITH MEMBRANE BOUND and NUCLEUS and organelles

A

eukaryotic cells

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4
Q

the ONLY cells that are not somatic - sperm and egg

A

meiosis (gametes)

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5
Q
  • is the period of growth that
    occurs between cell divisions.
  • Cell spends most of its life in this phase.
A

interphase

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6
Q
  • increases in size (cell
    grows)
  • synthesizes new proteins
    and organelles (cell
    develops
A

during G1

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6
Q
  • chromosomes are replicated
A

during S phase (DNA replication)

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7
Q
  • Each ___ consists of two
    identical “sister” chromatids.
  • Each pair of ____ is attached
    at an area called the centromere.
A

chromosomes

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8
Q
  • organelles and molecules required for
    cell division are produced
  • Once __ is complete, the cell is ready to start
    the M phase—Mitosis
A

the G2 phase

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9
Q
  • First and longest phase of MITOSIS
  • Chromosomes become visible
  • Centrioles separate and move to
    opposite poles (ends)
  • Spindle fibers appear
  • Nucleolus and nuclear membrane
    (envelope) disappear
A

summary of prophase

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9
Q

Centromeres split apart and chromatids separate from one another. Each
chromatid moves to opposite poles

A

summary of anaphase

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9
Q
  • The fourth and final phase of mitosis.
  • Chromosomes gather at opposite ends of
    the cell and lose their distinct shape
  • A new nuclear envelope forms around
    each cluster of chromosomes
A

telophase

9
Q

why does interphase happens?

A

Cell must grow in order for
extra organelles and DNA
have room in cell

9
Q
  • The second phase of mitosis
  • The chromosomes line up across the center of the cell.
  • Microtubules connect the centromere of each chromosome to the poles of the spindle
A

metaphase

9
Q
  • Homologous chromosomes will
    align at the middle of the cell.
  • Spindle fiber from centrioles will
    attach to these chromosomes
A

metaphase 1

10
Q
  • It is the first phase of mitosis.
  • The centrioles separate and take
    up positions on opposite sides of
    the nucleus.
  • The centrioles lie in a region called the
    centrosome.
  • The centrosome helps to organize the
    spindle, a fanlike microtubule structure that
    helps separate the chromosomes.
A

prophase

11
Q
  • During ____, the cytoplasm
    pinches in half.
  • Each daughter cell has an identical set
    of duplicate chromosomes
A

cytokinesis

11
Q
  • Shortest Phase
  • Chromosomes attach to spindle
    fibers in center of the cell
A

summary of metaphase

11
Q
  • Chromosomes reach opposite
    poles of cell
  • Chromatids unwind back into
    chromatin
  • Nuclear envelope and nucleolus
    reappear reforming the nucleus
  • Spindle fibers disappear
  • New double membrane
  • Animal cell – cleavage
A

summary of telophase

11
Q
  • The third phase of mitosis.
  • The sister chromatids separate into individual
    chromosomes.
  • The chromosomes continue to move until they have separated into two groups.
A

anaphase

11
Q
  • It is a specialized form of cell division that
    occurs in organisms that
    reproduce sexually.
  • It produces reproductive cells, such as
    sperm cells, egg cells, (gametes) and
    spores in plants and fungi.
  • One parent cell under ____ can
    produce 4 daughter cells
  • reduction division
  • theses produces haploid cells. (with 23 chromosomes)
  • it has 2 divisions of PMAT
A

meiosis

12
Q
  • Chromosomes will condense and
    thicken.
  • Spindle fibers will attach at the
    chromosomes.
  • No more crossing over in this
    part
A

prophase 2

12
Q
  • Chromosomes condense and
    thicken
  • Line up homologous pairs
  • Crossing over
  • Recombinant chromosomes
A

prophase 1

12
Q

Homologous chromosomes will be pulled away on both sides of the cell

A

anaphase 1

13
Q
  • Two newly formed nuclei with
    nuclear envelope.
  • End the first part of meiosis
  • This followed by the splitting of
    cytoplasm known as cytokinesis
A

telophase 1

14
Q
  • The chromosomes will line up in
    the middle.
  • Chromosomes will not be in
    pairs.
A

metaphase 2

14
Q
  • Nuclei will be enclosed with
    nuclear envelope.
  • Cytokinesis will follow to
    completely separate the
    cells
A

telophase 2

14
Q
  • Sister chromatids will be pulled away from each other
A

anaphase 2

2024-2025 (43 decks)

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