Bio 123: PP9 Flashcards

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1
Q

Mycology

A

The study of fungi

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2
Q

What are some characteristics of Fungi?

A

-Around 144,000 known species but because of their diversity there could be anywhere between 2-3.8 million species
- can be multi and uni cellular
-Are all heterotrophs, have extracellular digestion
-most are saprobes
-Cell walls contain chitin which strengthen the cell wall
-Have mutualism, parasitic, and commensal ecological relationships
-Reproduce through spores (sexual and asexual reproduction)
-Diverse life cycles

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3
Q

Saprobes

A

organisms that absorb nutrients from nonliving organic material (decomposers)

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4
Q

Body of Fungi

A

Has a mycelium and a hyphae with a cell wall and nuclei

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5
Q

Septate hypha

A

Nuclei are separated by a septum which contains a pore

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6
Q

Coenocytic hypha

A

Nuclei are not separated, have free flowing nuclei throughout the hypha

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7
Q

Hypha

A

Single filaments that compose the mycelium. Contains cell walls, cytoplasms and cellular membrane.

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8
Q

Mycelium

A

interwoven mass of hyphae; infiltrates the material on which the fungi feed

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9
Q

What are the 3 fungi we need to know?

A

Chytrids
Ascomycota
Basidiomycota (Club Fungi)

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10
Q

What are some characteristics of Chytridiomycota?

A

Most ancient group with at least 1,000 species
-lives in lakes and soil
-have flagellated spores (zoospores)
-chytrid fungus has started conservation concerns because it is causing a decline in amphibian population

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11
Q

Chytrid Fungus

A

Has led to amphibian decline and has a link to climate change because general temperatures are becoming warmer.

Chytrid lives in the skin of amphibians, is parasitic, and basically suffocates the frogs because it clogs the pores on frogs skin.

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12
Q

What are some characteristics of Ascomycota?

A

-Known as sac fungi
-have around 30,000 species
-spores are produced in ASCI during sexual reproduction
-have large diversity in morphological forms
-can be multicellular and unicellular

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13
Q

What is the defining characteristic of Ascomycota?

A

-Spores are produced in sacs known as ASCI during sexual reproduction.

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14
Q

What is an example of Ascomycota?

A

Yeast, and inhaling yeast which causes valley fever

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15
Q

Cordyceps fungus

A

Can alter the behavior of the organism they invade in order to increase its spread. Is ecologically important because it can help maintain populations and biodiversity

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16
Q

What are some variations of Ascomycetes?

A

Truffles, Morels, Ascocarps. The variations that we see are the fruiting bodies of fungi

17
Q

What are some characteristics of Basidiomycota?

A

Includes around 30,000 species of mushrooms, puffballs, and shelf fungi
-Has a basidium which are specialized cells on the fruiting body in which spores form

18
Q

What is the body of a mushroom?

A

-Cap (or pileus)
-Gills underneath cap
-Basidia
-Ring
-Stalk (or stipe)
-Volva
-Mycelium

19
Q

Cap

A

Reproduction action taken place at the top of the mushroom

20
Q

Gills

A

Pores or downward projecting spine-like teeth

21
Q

Basidia

A

Microscopic cells in which spores develop

22
Q

Mycelium

A

In underground and is an intrawoven netword of hyphae

23
Q

Volva

A

Sac like layer at the base of fungi

24
Q

Stalk

A

Is like a stem in a flower

25
Q

What is the ecological importance of fungi?

A

They form mutualisms with other organisms such as endophytic fungi, mycorrhizal fungi, and lichens.

26
Q

Endophytic Fungi

A

Live in leaves and stems of almost all plants, protect plants from gazers and pathogens because the fungi byproducts can be toxic to grazers

27
Q

What are the conservation applications of Mycorrhizal fungi?

A

They can help regulate air pollution.

28
Q

Lichens

A

Fungal species intertwined with one or more photoautotrophs. There are about 16,000 species

29
Q

Mycosis

A

Fungal parasitic infection