Bio 123: PP9

Question 1

Mycology

Answer 1

The study of fungi

Question 2

What are some characteristics of Fungi?

Answer 2

-Around 144,000 known species but because of their diversity there could be anywhere between 2-3.8 million species
- can be multi and uni cellular
-Are all heterotrophs, have extracellular digestion
-most are saprobes
-Cell walls contain chitin which strengthen the cell wall
-Have mutualism, parasitic, and commensal ecological relationships
-Reproduce through spores (sexual and asexual reproduction)
-Diverse life cycles

Question 3

Saprobes

Answer 3

organisms that absorb nutrients from nonliving organic material (decomposers)

Question 4

Body of Fungi

Answer 4

Has a mycelium and a hyphae with a cell wall and nuclei

Question 5

Septate hypha

Answer 5

Nuclei are separated by a septum which contains a pore

Question 6

Coenocytic hypha

Answer 6

Nuclei are not separated, have free flowing nuclei throughout the hypha

Question 7

Hypha

Answer 7

Single filaments that compose the mycelium. Contains cell walls, cytoplasms and cellular membrane.

Question 8

Mycelium

Answer 8

interwoven mass of hyphae; infiltrates the material on which the fungi feed

Question 9

What are the 3 fungi we need to know?

Answer 9

Chytrids
Ascomycota
Basidiomycota (Club Fungi)

Question 10

What are some characteristics of Chytridiomycota?

Answer 10

Most ancient group with at least 1,000 species
-lives in lakes and soil
-have flagellated spores (zoospores)
-chytrid fungus has started conservation concerns because it is causing a decline in amphibian population

Question 11

Chytrid Fungus

Answer 11

Has led to amphibian decline and has a link to climate change because general temperatures are becoming warmer.

Chytrid lives in the skin of amphibians, is parasitic, and basically suffocates the frogs because it clogs the pores on frogs skin.

Question 12

What are some characteristics of Ascomycota?

Answer 12

-Known as sac fungi
-have around 30,000 species
-spores are produced in ASCI during sexual reproduction
-have large diversity in morphological forms
-can be multicellular and unicellular

Question 13

What is the defining characteristic of Ascomycota?

Answer 13

-Spores are produced in sacs known as ASCI during sexual reproduction.

Question 14

What is an example of Ascomycota?

Answer 14

Yeast, and inhaling yeast which causes valley fever

Question 15

Cordyceps fungus

Answer 15

Can alter the behavior of the organism they invade in order to increase its spread. Is ecologically important because it can help maintain populations and biodiversity

Question 16

What are some variations of Ascomycetes?

Answer 16

Truffles, Morels, Ascocarps. The variations that we see are the fruiting bodies of fungi

Question 17

What are some characteristics of Basidiomycota?

Answer 17

Includes around 30,000 species of mushrooms, puffballs, and shelf fungi
-Has a basidium which are specialized cells on the fruiting body in which spores form

Question 18

What is the body of a mushroom?

Answer 18

-Cap (or pileus)
-Gills underneath cap
-Basidia
-Ring
-Stalk (or stipe)
-Volva
-Mycelium

Question 19

Cap

Answer 19

Reproduction action taken place at the top of the mushroom

Question 20

Gills

Answer 20

Pores or downward projecting spine-like teeth

Question 21

Basidia

Answer 21

Microscopic cells in which spores develop

Question 22

Mycelium

Answer 22

In underground and is an intrawoven netword of hyphae

Question 23

Volva

Answer 23

Sac like layer at the base of fungi

Question 24

Stalk

Answer 24

Is like a stem in a flower

Question 25

What is the ecological importance of fungi?

Answer 25

They form mutualisms with other organisms such as endophytic fungi, mycorrhizal fungi, and lichens.

Question 26

Endophytic Fungi

Answer 26

Live in leaves and stems of almost all plants, protect plants from gazers and pathogens because the fungi byproducts can be toxic to grazers

Question 27

What are the conservation applications of Mycorrhizal fungi?

Answer 27

They can help regulate air pollution.

Question 28

Lichens

Answer 28

Fungal species intertwined with one or more photoautotrophs. There are about 16,000 species

Question 29

Mycosis

Answer 29

Fungal parasitic infection