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Animal Nutrition > Bee Nutrition > Flashcards

Bee Nutrition Flashcards

1
Q

What are some issues with the view of honeybee nutrition?

A
  • People tend to view/ discuss honey bee nutrition differently than other animals.
  • Ability to forage
  • Treatment-free / hands-off movement
  • Lack of ethical consideration for invertebrates
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2
Q

What can adult honeybees eat?

A

Carbohydrates
• Protein
• Amino Acids
• Lipids
• Micronutrients

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3
Q

What is a source of carbohydrates for honeybees?

A

Nectar

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4
Q

What is the source of proteins, lipids, and micro nutrients for honey bees?

A

Pollen

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5
Q

What stage of honey bee needs a lot of protein?

A

Larva + Nurse

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6
Q

What is important about queen nutrition in honey bees?

A

Queen’s pheromones elicit feeding and care from workers.

Queen nutrition is really a sign of worker/colony nutrition.

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7
Q

What honeybees need a lot of carbohydrates?

A

Foragers

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8
Q

What percent of a bees diet is from flowers?

A

100%

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9
Q

What is important to remember about flowers?

A

Flowers are not created equal. Some flowers are good for pollen, some good for nectar, some for both.

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10
Q

What is the composition of nectar?

A
  • Nectar is mainly water • Contains sugars
  • Fructose
  • Glucose
  • Sucrose
  • Traces:
  • Proteins
  • lipids
  • antioxidants
  • Alkaloids
  • Phenolic substances
  • Glycosides
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11
Q

What is bee bread?

A

Bee bread is made by mixing pollen, honey, and honey bee salivary secretions that contain bacteria commonly found in the honey bee digestive track.

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12
Q

Do honey bees eat stored food or do they eat fresh food?

A

Honey bees preferentially eat fresh food, but they store food for lean times.

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13
Q

What causes changes in bee nutritional needs?

A

Seasonal changes ( particularly winter)

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14
Q

What occurs during winter?

A

Bees are adapted to survive long periods without incoming food.

In most temperate climates this is winter. In tropical climates this is often a dry season.
In either case, bees must rely on their stores.

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15
Q

What do bees do in the winter with that requires a lot of carbs?

A

Bees use their muscles to generate heat.
This process requires a LOT of Carbs.

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16
Q

What happens if there is insufficient honey in the hive?

A

If there is insufficient honey in the hive, the bees will starve/ freeze.

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17
Q

What do bees do to accommodate for the winter?

A

To reduce the amount of heat and energy needed, bees stop brood production in winter.

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18
Q

How much honey should you leave for bees to use over the winter?

A

The amount bees need will be entirely local – talk to beekeepers in the region.

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19
Q

Do bees defecate in the hive? Where do they old their wastes? What happens if food is not clean or if they could not take a cleansing flight?

A

Bees do not defecate in the hive.
They must hold waste in their rectums.
If food is not clean (i.e high ash content), or they cannot take a cleansing flight, bees can have issues.

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20
Q

What occurs with colony growth in the springtime? What drives the growth? What do beekeepers have to do as a result?

A
  • Colonies start to raise a little brood in winter, and then - colony growth explodes in spring.
  • This growth is generally driven by incoming food.
  • Beekeepers have to actually manage for space to accommodate incoming food.
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21
Q

What can cause bees to be stressed in the springtime? What can be the result?

A

If there is a period without food - like a really rainy week – bees can become nutritionally stressed.
Small colonies can starve in spring.

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22
Q

What is a broods lifecycle? When do young workers emerge? How can bees shut off brood?

A

Bees can’t ‘shut off’ brood / except by eating it. Remember the brood life cycle:

  • 3 days as an egg
  • 6 days as a larvae
  • Young workers emerge on day 21
23
Q

What requires an enormous amount of nectar in the summer?

A

Wax production

24
Q

Wha tis a common mistake beekeepers make in the summer?

A

Common mistake is to not provide enough carbs when colonies need to make wax.

The colony needs to create the comb AND fill it AND ripen it – in one season!

25
Q

What is a dearth? What can be a consequence?

A
  • Scarcity or lack of nutrients
  • If bees cannot find enough flowers, they will rob resources from other hives.
  • Especially weak ones
  • Significant cause of disease spread.
26
Q

What is important about fall nutrition for honey bees?

A

Storing food in preparation of a period without food.
1) Store food in the hive
2) Store food in their bodies
If fat bodies are not maintained than they will not be able to take care of the brood.

27
Q

What drives bees to forage for pollen? Nectar?

A

Pollen: Amount of brood and genetics
Nectar: Food availability • Weather
Bees do not gather honey based on what they need!!!!!!!

28
Q

When can bees get sufficient food from the environment?

A
  • There must be flowers in bloom
  • Flowers must be within flight range
  • Flowers must be the right type
  • Flowers not stressed
  • The weather must be good for foraging
  • The colony must have enough excess bees to forage.
29
Q

How much honey can a colony of bees use in a year? How many acres will they forage?

A

A colony of bees can use over
400 lbs of honey per year.
• Requires thousands of floral
visits
• They will forage over 20,000
acres (3 mile radius from
hive)
- Estimate 1 acre in constant
bloom supports one colony.

30
Q

Why do most places not provide sufficient clean forage?

A

• Abundance – very few
flowers left on the landscape.
• Quality - different species,
protein content
• Diversity - Monocultures
• Safety – Pesticides
• Foraging ability (size of
colony, weather, health)
• Weather - Drought

31
Q

What happens to the colony if the colony does not have sufficient food?

A
  • The bees withhold food from the foragers
  • The foragers die off
  • The lack of forager hormones causes nurse bees to become
  • The nurse bees eat the eggs and young larvae
  • The colony has a dip in population
  • May miss later bloom / not get enough honey/ raise enough
  • The larvae that survive are stunted
  • They are poor nurse bees, and are less able to raise the next generation
32
Q

How can we tell if our colony has enough food?

A

We are evaluating the food needs for the next month.
• What will the bees needs be?
• What will the weather be like?
• What food is available in my area?
Very common beginner mistake – Not think about what will happen over the next few weeks

33
Q

What is important about food stores of both protein and carbohydrates?

A
  • Protein – There should ALWAYS be excess pollen/ bread stored
    Carbs – incoming nectar
34
Q

How much you feed will depends on?

A

• Time of year
• Age/strength of colony
• Weather • Comb building needs
• Amount of brood
• ETC.
You can only tell by looking at the hive, the plants, and the weather. Experience!!!

35
Q

Why should you not feed bees honey/ pollen from other hives? Where else should you not source honey from?

A

Do not get honey from the store. This can cause disease spread and is not ideal. Make sure they have enough food to make there own honey.

36
Q

How do we feed bees?

A
  • Protein Patties
  • Combo of egg/ soy proteins
  • Many different brands
  • Can buy premade or mix powder with syrup.
37
Q

When do we feed protein?

A

Growth/ Larvae

38
Q

What is the issue with hive beetles?

A

Hive beetles can grow and destroy hive if too much protein powder/ protein is left for bees to eat

39
Q

What do you give to bees to supplement carbs? When should you feed it?

A

Simple syrup

1) Starter colonies
2) Before winter
3) Dearth
4) Sick colonies

40
Q

What kind of sugar should be used for simple syrups? Which should not?

A

Do not use sugar in the raw. Bees cannot use them well because of high ash content. Otherwise they do not care which one to use.

41
Q

what is the ratio to mix syrup?

A

1: 1 standard for growth
2: 1 fall feeding.

42
Q

What are the types of feeders used for bees?

A
  • Frame Feeder
  • bucket feeders
  • Warre Hive ( top feeder)
43
Q

What is a consequence of spilled syrup?

A

Robbing

44
Q

What are common beekeeper mistakes?

A
  1. Underestimating the amount of feed bees need
  2. Underestimating the time needed to take the feed in and
    dry it
45
Q

What supplements are used in bees? What is important to remember?

A

Some (lemongrass oil) can act as feed stimulants.

  • No evidence for other claims
  • Bees have very sensitive digestion
  • Bees are sensitive to scents
  • especially oils that build in the wax.
46
Q

How can a beekeeper tell if a colony is malnourished?

A
  • The amount of stored food
    • The rate of incoming food
    • The amount of royal jelly surrounding the larvae
47
Q

What can you do for bees that do not get enough feed?

A

If bees don’t have enough food, beekeepers must move their bees to areas that have more food, or they must supplemental feed.
- Plant flowers

48
Q

How do bees get food?

A

Scouting – bees will scout to find good sources of food within a ~ 5km range.

49
Q

How do bees know where the best forage locations are? What will be communicated to the other hive members?

A

Honey bees communicate food locations through dance language.
- Bees that have found a good source will return to the hive to tell others.

  • She will communicate both the distance (energy needed) and direction (in relation to the sun.
50
Q

How will foragers find the scouted locations?

A

Foragers will find the scouted location using information learned during the dance, visual cues, and scent (from nectar offered by dancers and foot pheromones on flowers.

51
Q

Is this larvae healthy/ receiving enough protein? How could you tell?

A

Good = Larvae floating in royal jelly

52
Q

Is this larvae healthy/ receiving enough protein? How could you tell?

A

Bad- Little royal jelly visible

53
Q
A

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