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Animal Structure & Diversity > Basal Deuterostomes > Flashcards

Basal Deuterostomes Flashcards

1
Q

traits common to all Deuterostomes

A

blastopore becomes anus, have a true coelom

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2
Q

4 key Deuterostome Phyla

A

Chaetognatha, Echinodermata, Hemichordata, and Chordata

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3
Q

Phylum known as arrow worms

A

Phylum Chaetognatha

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4
Q

characters of Phylum Chaetognatha

A

small pelagic predators, don’t exactly know where they fit in the tree of life

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5
Q

method of feeding for Chaetognaths

A

spines around the mouth grab onto prey

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6
Q

Phylum of Deuterostoma containing Enteropneusta and Pterobranchia

A

Phylum Hemichordata

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7
Q

general characters of Phylum Hemichordata

A

aquatic, separate sexes, external fertilization, tornia larva

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8
Q

similarities between Phylum Hemichordata and Phylum Chordata

A

gill slits in the pharynx, some have a hollow neural tube

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9
Q

tornia larva

A

characteristic of Hemichordates, swim with a ring of cilia on base and track of cilia along the body

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10
Q

two key classes of Phylum Hemichordata

A

Enteropneusta and Pterobranchia

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11
Q

class of Phylum Hemichordata known as acorn worms

A

Class Enteropneusta

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12
Q

characters of class Enteropneusta

A

solitary animals living in u-shaped burrows with large casts of feces on one end

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13
Q

method of feeding for class Enteropneusta

A

proboscis acts to open/close mouth and cilia on proboscis move food particles into mouth when open

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14
Q

tagmata of class Enteropneusta

A

proboscis, collar, and trunk

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15
Q

class of Pylum Hemichordata known as pterobranchs

A

class Pterobranchia

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16
Q

characters of class Pterobranchia

A

live colonially in self-secreted tubes

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17
Q

method of feeding for class Pterobranchia

A

ciliated tentacles collect food from water column

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18
Q

tagmata of class Pterobranchia

A

proboscis, collar, and trunk

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19
Q

Phylum of Deuterostoma containing sea stars, brittle stars, sea urchins, and sea cucumbers

A

Phylum Echinodermata

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20
Q

general characters of Phylum Echinodermata

A

entirely marine, adults are commonly pentaradial (with bilateral larva), generally rough and spiny

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21
Q

tiny pinchers around Echinoderm spines used for parasite removal

A

pedicellariae

22
Q

valve on aboral side of Echinoderms used for regulating water movement

A

madreporite

23
Q

structure of Echinoderms

A

five ambulacral areas on the oral side each containing tube feet

24
Q

two coelomic cavities present in Echinoderms

A

somatocoel and water-vascular system

25
Q

somatocoel

A

coelomic cavity in Echinoderms housing organs

26
Q

water-vascular system

A

hydraulic system of tubes and tube feet present in Echinoderms used for feeding, respiration, and locomotion

27
Q

process of water-vascular system

A

water enters via the madreporite and goes through the stone canal to the ring canal, then out to radial canals and the ampullae/tube feet

28
Q

nervous system of Echinoderms

A

nerve ring, sometimes have tentacles or eyespots

29
Q

circulatory system of Echinoderms

A

none

30
Q

structure of Echinoderm exoskeleton

A

ossicles fused together in various ways create the exoskeleton

31
Q

reproduction of Echinoderms

A

distinct sexes are generally not dimorphic, external fertilization

32
Q

key classes of Echinodermata

A

Asteroidea, Ophiuroidea, Echinoidea, and Holothuroidea

33
Q

class of Echinodermata known as sea stars

A

class Asteroidea

34
Q

characters of Asteroidea

A

found from intertidal zone to abyss, typically have all general characters of Echinoderms (5 arms, madreporite, tube feet), can regenerate limbs

35
Q

two stomachs found in Asteroideans

A

pyloric stomach and cardiac stomach

36
Q

purpose of cardiac stomach in Asteroideans

A

everted during feeding, begins digestion outside of the body

37
Q

purpose of pyloric stomach in Asteroideans

A

connects consumed food to pyloric cecae in arms where digestion can be completed

38
Q

purpose of pyloric cecae in Asteroideans

A

one in each arm, act as intestines

39
Q

class of Echinodermata known as brittle stars and basket stars

A

class Ophiuroidea

40
Q

characters of brittle stars

A

FUCKING HORRIBLE, madreporite on oral side, ambulacral grooves covered over with hard plates, tube feet have no suckers, no anus or intestines, no organs in the arms, mouth made from five jointed plates

41
Q

characters of basket stars

A

also just terrible, “fans” are branches of the five legs, live in the tropics

42
Q

class of Echinodermata known as sea urchins and sand dollars

A

class Echinoidea

43
Q

characters of class Echinoidea

A

ossicles fused to form a test, ambulacral grooves extend all the way to aboral pore (oral side covers whole body), huge reproductive organs

44
Q

locomotion in Echinoideans

A

sae urchins use both tube feet and spines to move, sand dollars use only spines

45
Q

feeding methods for Echinoideans

A

mouthpart called Aristotle’s Lantern scrapes ocean floor (some Echinoideans can also filter feed)

46
Q

class of Echinodermata known as sea cucumbers

A

class Holothuroidea

47
Q

characters of class Holothuroidea

A

elongated body, reduced ossicles, no spines of pedicellariae, five rows of tube feet

48
Q

locomotion in class Holothuroidea

A

can move with tube feet or via muscular contractions

49
Q

location of madreporite in Holothuroideans

A

inside the pharynx

50
Q

respiration and excretion in Holothuroideans

A

cloaca pumps water in and out of the respiratory tree to allow gas exchange between the body cavity and the water column

Animal Structure & Diversity (17 decks)

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