2/10/20 Flashcards
characters of Phylum Cycliophora
part of Phylum Lophotrochazoa, only three species, live on mouthparts of lobsters and feed on bacteria/food dropped by host
how Cycliophora stay adhered to host
adhesive disk on the base of the stalk
similarities between Phyla Entoprocta and Endoprocta
stalked body with cup surrounded by ciliated tentacles, vaguely resemble cnidarian polyps, simple nerve ring, filter feeders
characters specific to Phylum Entoprocta
about 150 species, microscopic, colonial, u-shaped gut inside of cup, mouth and anus both inside of tentacle column, have trochophore larva
Entoprocta are/aren’t lophophores (why)
aren’t. Entoproct tentacles are part of the ectoderm with no internal coelom
reproductive method(s) for Entoprocts
budding (asexual) or sexual
characters specific to Phylum Ectoprocta
about 4000 species, both freshwater and marine, colonial, very small zooids, long u-shaped gut, anus outside of tentacle column
Ectoprocta are/aren’t lophophores (why)
are. coelom extends into Ectoproct tentacles
reproductive method(s) for Ectoprocts
sexual reproduction (individuals are hermaphrodites)
organs present/absent in Ectoprocts
no respiratory, vascular, or excretory organs, nerve ring around pharynx
lophophore
horseshoe-shaped ring of ciliated tentacles found in Phyla Ectoprocta, Brachiopoda, and Phoronida
Phyla included within Phylum Polyzoa
Cycliophora, Endoprocta, and Ectoprocta
Phyla included within Phylum Brachiozoa
Brachiopoda and Phoronida
Phylum known as lamp shells
Phylum Brachiopoda
characters of Brachiopoda
about 300 species, superficially look like clams but are quite different, all marine, all filter-feeders, shells/valves move independently of one another
in Brachiopods, shells/valves represent the ____ and ____ parts of the body
top; bottom
in bivalves, shells/valves represent the ____ and ____ parts of the body
left; right
method of feeding for Brachiopoda
cilia on lophophore within valves beat to draw in food, which catches on tentacle mucus and is carried into the mouth
location of anus in Brachiopoda
buccal cavity (outside of lophophore pore)
Phylum known as horseshoe worm
Phylum Phoronida
characters of Phylum Phoronida
only about 10 species, small marine tube worms, live in a tube that they secrete, u-shaped gut, anus just below lophophore
method of feeding for Phoronida
cilia on lophophore beat to draw in food, which catches on tentacle mucus and is carried into the mouth
Phyla included within Phylum Kryptrochozoa
Brachiopoda and Phoronida (Brachiozoa) and Nemertea
Phylum knwon as ribbon worms
Phylum Nemertea
characters of Phylum Nemertea
about 1000 species, mostly marine, generally small (but can be quite long), similar complexity to flatworms, acoelomate, mostly predatory, ciliated epidermis
similarities between Nemertea and flatworms
acoelomate, brain with pair of nerve cords, flame cells, ciliated epidermis
differences between Nemertea and flatworms
Nemertea have a complete digestive tract and are sex-specific with sexual reproduction
method by which Nemertea catches prey
eversible proboscis delivers a neurotoxin to prey through a sharp stylet
characters of Phylum Mollusca
90000+ species, 8 classes, found everywhere (mostly marine), VERY morphologically diverse, fill nearly all ecological niches, can be large but most are little, important human food source
Hypothetical Ancestral Mollusc
posterior mantle cavity with one or more pairs of gills, radula, two-chambered heart with ventricle and atria, muscular foot, mantle, and reduced coelom
general characters uniting Mollusca (specifically bivalves, cephalopods, and gastropods)
ventral “head-foot”, dorsal visceral mass, mantle layer, complex digestive system, highly developed nervous system, excretion by metanephridia, open circulatory system
specific characteristics of Mollusca “head-foot”
head houses mouth and sensory organs (sometimes tentacles), foot is posterior to mouth and is muscular, used for locomotion and attachment to substrates
specific characteristics of Mollusca “visceral mass”
houses all organs
specific characteristics of Mollusca “mantle”
extra tissue layer that overlays entire body, protects organs, produces shell in shelled animals, creates mantle cavity that houses lungs/gills
specific characteristics of shell secretion in Mollusca
two layers made from Calcium Carbonate and proteins, outer prismatic layer is chalky and opaque, inner nacreous layer is often iridescent, new shell produced at margin
specific characteristics of Mollusca digestive system
radula to scrape food into mouth, digestive gland secretes enzymes to break down food, stomach and intestines, anus empties out into mantle cavity
specific characteristics of Mollusca radula
protruding, rasping, tongue-like organ covered in backward-pointing “teeth”
specific characteristics of Mollusca nervous system
nerve ring around esophagus, two nerve chords in foot, two nerve chords in visceral mass, aquatic species have chemosensing osphridia
specific characteristics of Mollusca excretory system
fluid from coelom is drawn into collecting ducts, and waste is released through the nephridiopore
specific characteristics of Mollusca open circulatory system
no distinction between blood and other body fluids, heart pumps oxygenated hemolymph (containing water, salts, and organic compounds) through body to bathe organs directly
