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Animal Structure & Diversity > 2/10/20 > Flashcards

2/10/20 Flashcards

1
Q

characters of Phylum Cycliophora

A

part of Phylum Lophotrochazoa, only three species, live on mouthparts of lobsters and feed on bacteria/food dropped by host

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2
Q

how Cycliophora stay adhered to host

A

adhesive disk on the base of the stalk

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3
Q

similarities between Phyla Entoprocta and Endoprocta

A

stalked body with cup surrounded by ciliated tentacles, vaguely resemble cnidarian polyps, simple nerve ring, filter feeders

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4
Q

characters specific to Phylum Entoprocta

A

about 150 species, microscopic, colonial, u-shaped gut inside of cup, mouth and anus both inside of tentacle column, have trochophore larva

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5
Q

Entoprocta are/aren’t lophophores (why)

A

aren’t. Entoproct tentacles are part of the ectoderm with no internal coelom

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6
Q

reproductive method(s) for Entoprocts

A

budding (asexual) or sexual

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7
Q

characters specific to Phylum Ectoprocta

A

about 4000 species, both freshwater and marine, colonial, very small zooids, long u-shaped gut, anus outside of tentacle column

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8
Q

Ectoprocta are/aren’t lophophores (why)

A

are. coelom extends into Ectoproct tentacles

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9
Q

reproductive method(s) for Ectoprocts

A

sexual reproduction (individuals are hermaphrodites)

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10
Q

organs present/absent in Ectoprocts

A

no respiratory, vascular, or excretory organs, nerve ring around pharynx

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11
Q

lophophore

A

horseshoe-shaped ring of ciliated tentacles found in Phyla Ectoprocta, Brachiopoda, and Phoronida

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12
Q

Phyla included within Phylum Polyzoa

A

Cycliophora, Endoprocta, and Ectoprocta

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13
Q

Phyla included within Phylum Brachiozoa

A

Brachiopoda and Phoronida

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14
Q

Phylum known as lamp shells

A

Phylum Brachiopoda

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15
Q

characters of Brachiopoda

A

about 300 species, superficially look like clams but are quite different, all marine, all filter-feeders, shells/valves move independently of one another

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16
Q

in Brachiopods, shells/valves represent the ____ and ____ parts of the body

A

top; bottom

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17
Q

in bivalves, shells/valves represent the ____ and ____ parts of the body

A

left; right

18
Q

method of feeding for Brachiopoda

A

cilia on lophophore within valves beat to draw in food, which catches on tentacle mucus and is carried into the mouth

19
Q

location of anus in Brachiopoda

A

buccal cavity (outside of lophophore pore)

20
Q

Phylum known as horseshoe worm

A

Phylum Phoronida

21
Q

characters of Phylum Phoronida

A

only about 10 species, small marine tube worms, live in a tube that they secrete, u-shaped gut, anus just below lophophore

22
Q

method of feeding for Phoronida

A

cilia on lophophore beat to draw in food, which catches on tentacle mucus and is carried into the mouth

23
Q

Phyla included within Phylum Kryptrochozoa

A

Brachiopoda and Phoronida (Brachiozoa) and Nemertea

24
Q

Phylum knwon as ribbon worms

A

Phylum Nemertea

25
Q

characters of Phylum Nemertea

A

about 1000 species, mostly marine, generally small (but can be quite long), similar complexity to flatworms, acoelomate, mostly predatory, ciliated epidermis

26
Q

similarities between Nemertea and flatworms

A

acoelomate, brain with pair of nerve cords, flame cells, ciliated epidermis

27
Q

differences between Nemertea and flatworms

A

Nemertea have a complete digestive tract and are sex-specific with sexual reproduction

28
Q

method by which Nemertea catches prey

A

eversible proboscis delivers a neurotoxin to prey through a sharp stylet

29
Q

characters of Phylum Mollusca

A

90000+ species, 8 classes, found everywhere (mostly marine), VERY morphologically diverse, fill nearly all ecological niches, can be large but most are little, important human food source

30
Q

Hypothetical Ancestral Mollusc

A

posterior mantle cavity with one or more pairs of gills, radula, two-chambered heart with ventricle and atria, muscular foot, mantle, and reduced coelom

31
Q

general characters uniting Mollusca (specifically bivalves, cephalopods, and gastropods)

A

ventral “head-foot”, dorsal visceral mass, mantle layer, complex digestive system, highly developed nervous system, excretion by metanephridia, open circulatory system

32
Q

specific characteristics of Mollusca “head-foot”

A

head houses mouth and sensory organs (sometimes tentacles), foot is posterior to mouth and is muscular, used for locomotion and attachment to substrates

33
Q

specific characteristics of Mollusca “visceral mass”

A

houses all organs

34
Q

specific characteristics of Mollusca “mantle”

A

extra tissue layer that overlays entire body, protects organs, produces shell in shelled animals, creates mantle cavity that houses lungs/gills

35
Q

specific characteristics of shell secretion in Mollusca

A

two layers made from Calcium Carbonate and proteins, outer prismatic layer is chalky and opaque, inner nacreous layer is often iridescent, new shell produced at margin

36
Q

specific characteristics of Mollusca digestive system

A

radula to scrape food into mouth, digestive gland secretes enzymes to break down food, stomach and intestines, anus empties out into mantle cavity

37
Q

specific characteristics of Mollusca radula

A

protruding, rasping, tongue-like organ covered in backward-pointing “teeth”

38
Q

specific characteristics of Mollusca nervous system

A

nerve ring around esophagus, two nerve chords in foot, two nerve chords in visceral mass, aquatic species have chemosensing osphridia

39
Q

specific characteristics of Mollusca excretory system

A

fluid from coelom is drawn into collecting ducts, and waste is released through the nephridiopore

40
Q

specific characteristics of Mollusca open circulatory system

A

no distinction between blood and other body fluids, heart pumps oxygenated hemolymph (containing water, salts, and organic compounds) through body to bathe organs directly

Animal Structure & Diversity (17 decks)

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