Amniotes (general)

Question 1

three extant classes of Amniota

Answer 1

Reptilia, Aves, and Mammalia

Question 2

type of skull ancestral to all amniots

Answer 2

anapsid skull

Question 3

anapsid skull

Answer 3

only one hole in the skull for the eye

Question 4

skull that mammals have

Answer 4

synapsid skull

Question 5

synapsid skull

Answer 5

two holes in skull

Question 6

skull that reptiles and birds have

Answer 6

diapsid skull

Question 7

diapsid skull

Answer 7

three holes in skull

Question 8

key adaptations of amniotes

Answer 8

amniotic egg, skin, lungs, jaws, cardiovascular system, nitrogenous waste, and brains

Question 9

four membranes of an amniotic egg

Answer 9

amnion, allantois, chorion, and yolk sac

Question 10

amnion

Answer 10

encloses embryo in amniotic fluid, cushions embryo and provides aqueous medium for growth

Question 11

allantois

Answer 11

stores nitrogenous waste

Question 12

chorion

Answer 12

membrane just beneath shell, surrounds everything, allows oxygen and carbon dioxide to pass through egg

Question 13

yolk sac

Answer 13

stores nutrients for the embryo

Question 14

skin in amniotes

Answer 14

no longer used in respiration, much thicker, more keratinized, less permeable to water

Question 15

components of amniote skin

Answer 15

keratin (forms scales, hair, features, claws, etc.) and lipids (hydrophobic, keep water in/out)

Question 16

amniote lungs

Answer 16

more evolved in terms of surface area, breath through negative pressure ventilation with the diaphragm

Question 17

amniote jaws

Answer 17

allow for greater muscle attachment

Question 18

amniote cardiovascular system

Answer 18

ventricle more sectioned to prevent mixing of oxygenated and deoxygenated blood

Question 19

amniote excretory system

Answer 19

use uric acid or urea to dispose of waste

Question 20

amniote brains

Answer 20

bigger than ever before, cerebellum and better sensory organs!