2/19/20-2/24/20

Question 1

Phyla included within Panarthropoda

Answer 1

Tardigrada, Onychophora, and Arthropoda

Question 2

general characters shared in Phylum Panarthropoda

Answer 2

reduced coelom with hemocoel, open circulatory system which moves hemolymph, paired and ventrolateral walking appendages

Question 3

Phylum under Panarthropoda known as water bears

Answer 3

Tardigrada

Question 4

Characters of Tardigrades

Answer 4

microscopic, live on mosses, have muscular pharynx, generally dioecious, survive in extreme environments

Question 5

walking appendages on Tardigrades

Answer 5

8 stubby unsegmented legs with claws at the ends

Question 6

feeding method of Tardigrades

Answer 6

piercing mouthparts poke holes in plant cells and pharynx sucks out food

Question 7

reproductive method of Tardigrades

Answer 7

females reproduce during ecdysis and lay eggs into cuticle shell

Question 8

name for cuticle molting

Answer 8

ecdysis

Question 9

Phylum under Panarthropoda known as velvet worms

Answer 9

Phylum Onychophora

Question 10

characters shared by Onychophores

Answer 10

live in tropical forest, very old in fossil record, dioecious with live birth

Question 11

characters shared between Onychophores and Arthropods

Answer 11

open circulatory system, large brain, molting cuticle

Question 12

characters shared between Onychophores and Annelids

Answer 12

simple eyes, segmentally arranged nephridia

Question 13

method for how Onychophore capture prey

Answer 13

shoot out a sticky mucus from slime glands to trap prey

Question 14

respiratory system in Onychophores

Answer 14

breath through small respiratory pores spread across body

Question 15

two types of live birth present in Onychophores

Answer 15

viviparous and ovoviviparous

Question 16

live birth from placenta

Answer 16

viviparous birth

Question 17

live birth where eggs hatch internally

Answer 17

ovoviviparous birth

Question 18

Phylum under Panarthropoda that accounts for 80% of all animal species

Answer 18

Phylum Arthropoda

Question 19

six key characters of Arthropods

Answer 19

exoskeleton, segmented bodies, jointed appendages, efficient respiration, highly developed sensory organs, efficient excretory system

Question 20

three layers of an exoskeleton

Answer 20

endocuticle, exocuticle, and epicuticle

Question 21

sensory bristles found on exoskeleton of arthropods

Answer 21

setae

Question 22

process of ecdysis

Answer 22

epidermis secretes enzymes to digest endocuticle, epidermis secretes new exocuticle and epicuticle, animal take is air/water to crack old cuticle, wiggles out and stretches, and secretes new endocuticle

Question 23

5 important subphyla of Arthropoda

Answer 23

Chelicerata, Myriapoda, Crustacea, Hexapoda, and Trilobita

Question 24

subphyla of Arthropoda that is now extinct but was very successful in its time

Answer 24

Trilobita

Question 25

characters of Trilobites

Answer 25

three-lobed body, filled many ecological niches, precursor to modern arthropods, went extinct during Permian extinction

Question 26

similarities between Trilobites and Arthropods

Answer 26

exoskeleton, eyes, jointed appendages, paired antennae

Question 27

subphylum of Arthropoda that includes arachnids and horseshoe crabs

Answer 27

Phylum Chelicerata

Question 28

characters of phylum Chelicerata

Answer 28

no mandibles, have chelicerae, no antennae, body separated into two tagmata, uniramous appendages

Question 29

two tagmata that separate Chelicerate bodies

Answer 29

cephalothorax and abdomen

Question 30

six pairs of cephalothoracic appendages found in Chelicerates

Answer 30

one pair of feeding chelicerae, one pair of pedipalps to manipulate food, four pairs of walking legs

Question 31

classes within Chelicerata

Answer 31

Merostomata and Arachnida

Question 32

class of Chelicerata known as horseshoe crabs

Answer 32

class Merostomata

Question 33

characters of class Merostomata

Answer 33

basically unchanged from fossils, 4 species, only chelicerates with compound eyes, book gills for oxygen consumption, sexual reproduction, long telson for flipping

Question 34

method of feeding for Merostomates

Answer 34

feed on worms/molluscs on ocean floor with grinding gnathobases on each walking leg

Question 35

class of Chelicerata containing spiders, scorpions, and ticks

Answer 35

class Arachnida

Question 36

characters of class Arachnida

Answer 36

vast majority of Chelicerates, all predators, basic Chelicerare morphology but with potentials for high modifications

Question 37

order of Arachnida known as true spiders

Answer 37

order Araneae

Question 38

characters of order Araneae

Answer 38

mostly harmless, chelicerae modified into fangs, pedipalps for food manipulation and reproduction, unsegmented abdomen, lots of setae, silk glands for web-spinning

Question 39

vision of Araneae

Answer 39

generally have eight simple eyes with lens, rods, and retina mostly used for motion detection

Question 40

order of Arachnida known as harvestmen

Answer 40

order Opiliones

Question 41

characters of order Opiliones

Answer 41

segmented abdomen, no venom glands, true chelicerae (little pinchers)

Question 42

subphylum of Arthropoda containing centipedes and millipedes

Answer 42

subphylum Myriapoda

Question 43

characters shared by subphylum Myriapoda

Answer 43

entirely terrestrial, have mandibles and maxillae for manipulating food and chewing

Question 44

similarities between Myriapoda and Chelicerata

Answer 44

two tagmata, appendages are uniramous

Question 45

differences between Myriapoda and Chelicerata

Answer 45

Myriapods have antennae, spiracles across body bring in air to tracheae

Question 46

two classes within Myriapoda

Answer 46

class Chilopoda and class Diplopoda

Question 47

class of subphylum Myriapoda known as millipedes

Answer 47

class Diplopoda

Question 48

characters of class Diplopoda

Answer 48

scavengers, two pairs of legs per segment, slow, have rudimentary pseudocompound eyes

Question 49

class of subphylum Myriapoda known as centipedes

Answer 49

class Chilopoda

Question 50

characters of class Chilopoda

Answer 50

predatory, large venomous jaws modified from first pair of legs, single pair of legs per segment, fast, active hunters, final legs modified for tactile sensation, antennae sense vibrations, most have simple eyes but some are compound