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Animal Structure & Diversity > 2/19/20-2/24/20 > Flashcards

2/19/20-2/24/20 Flashcards

1
Q

Phyla included within Panarthropoda

A

Tardigrada, Onychophora, and Arthropoda

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2
Q

general characters shared in Phylum Panarthropoda

A

reduced coelom with hemocoel, open circulatory system which moves hemolymph, paired and ventrolateral walking appendages

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3
Q

Phylum under Panarthropoda known as water bears

A

Tardigrada

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4
Q

Characters of Tardigrades

A

microscopic, live on mosses, have muscular pharynx, generally dioecious, survive in extreme environments

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5
Q

walking appendages on Tardigrades

A

8 stubby unsegmented legs with claws at the ends

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6
Q

feeding method of Tardigrades

A

piercing mouthparts poke holes in plant cells and pharynx sucks out food

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7
Q

reproductive method of Tardigrades

A

females reproduce during ecdysis and lay eggs into cuticle shell

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8
Q

name for cuticle molting

A

ecdysis

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9
Q

Phylum under Panarthropoda known as velvet worms

A

Phylum Onychophora

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10
Q

characters shared by Onychophores

A

live in tropical forest, very old in fossil record, dioecious with live birth

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11
Q

characters shared between Onychophores and Arthropods

A

open circulatory system, large brain, molting cuticle

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12
Q

characters shared between Onychophores and Annelids

A

simple eyes, segmentally arranged nephridia

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13
Q

method for how Onychophore capture prey

A

shoot out a sticky mucus from slime glands to trap prey

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14
Q

respiratory system in Onychophores

A

breath through small respiratory pores spread across body

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15
Q

two types of live birth present in Onychophores

A

viviparous and ovoviviparous

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16
Q

live birth from placenta

A

viviparous birth

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17
Q

live birth where eggs hatch internally

A

ovoviviparous birth

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18
Q

Phylum under Panarthropoda that accounts for 80% of all animal species

A

Phylum Arthropoda

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19
Q

six key characters of Arthropods

A

exoskeleton, segmented bodies, jointed appendages, efficient respiration, highly developed sensory organs, efficient excretory system

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20
Q

three layers of an exoskeleton

A

endocuticle, exocuticle, and epicuticle

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21
Q

sensory bristles found on exoskeleton of arthropods

A

setae

22
Q

process of ecdysis

A

epidermis secretes enzymes to digest endocuticle, epidermis secretes new exocuticle and epicuticle, animal take is air/water to crack old cuticle, wiggles out and stretches, and secretes new endocuticle

23
Q

5 important subphyla of Arthropoda

A

Chelicerata, Myriapoda, Crustacea, Hexapoda, and Trilobita

24
Q

subphyla of Arthropoda that is now extinct but was very successful in its time

A

Trilobita

25
Q

characters of Trilobites

A

three-lobed body, filled many ecological niches, precursor to modern arthropods, went extinct during Permian extinction

26
Q

similarities between Trilobites and Arthropods

A

exoskeleton, eyes, jointed appendages, paired antennae

27
Q

subphylum of Arthropoda that includes arachnids and horseshoe crabs

A

Phylum Chelicerata

28
Q

characters of phylum Chelicerata

A

no mandibles, have chelicerae, no antennae, body separated into two tagmata, uniramous appendages

29
Q

two tagmata that separate Chelicerate bodies

A

cephalothorax and abdomen

30
Q

six pairs of cephalothoracic appendages found in Chelicerates

A

one pair of feeding chelicerae, one pair of pedipalps to manipulate food, four pairs of walking legs

31
Q

classes within Chelicerata

A

Merostomata and Arachnida

32
Q

class of Chelicerata known as horseshoe crabs

A

class Merostomata

33
Q

characters of class Merostomata

A

basically unchanged from fossils, 4 species, only chelicerates with compound eyes, book gills for oxygen consumption, sexual reproduction, long telson for flipping

34
Q

method of feeding for Merostomates

A

feed on worms/molluscs on ocean floor with grinding gnathobases on each walking leg

35
Q

class of Chelicerata containing spiders, scorpions, and ticks

A

class Arachnida

36
Q

characters of class Arachnida

A

vast majority of Chelicerates, all predators, basic Chelicerare morphology but with potentials for high modifications

37
Q

order of Arachnida known as true spiders

A

order Araneae

38
Q

characters of order Araneae

A

mostly harmless, chelicerae modified into fangs, pedipalps for food manipulation and reproduction, unsegmented abdomen, lots of setae, silk glands for web-spinning

39
Q

vision of Araneae

A

generally have eight simple eyes with lens, rods, and retina mostly used for motion detection

40
Q

order of Arachnida known as harvestmen

A

order Opiliones

41
Q

characters of order Opiliones

A

segmented abdomen, no venom glands, true chelicerae (little pinchers)

42
Q

subphylum of Arthropoda containing centipedes and millipedes

A

subphylum Myriapoda

43
Q

characters shared by subphylum Myriapoda

A

entirely terrestrial, have mandibles and maxillae for manipulating food and chewing

44
Q

similarities between Myriapoda and Chelicerata

A

two tagmata, appendages are uniramous

45
Q

differences between Myriapoda and Chelicerata

A

Myriapods have antennae, spiracles across body bring in air to tracheae

46
Q

two classes within Myriapoda

A

class Chilopoda and class Diplopoda

47
Q

class of subphylum Myriapoda known as millipedes

A

class Diplopoda

48
Q

characters of class Diplopoda

A

scavengers, two pairs of legs per segment, slow, have rudimentary pseudocompound eyes

49
Q

class of subphylum Myriapoda known as centipedes

A

class Chilopoda

50
Q

characters of class Chilopoda

A

predatory, large venomous jaws modified from first pair of legs, single pair of legs per segment, fast, active hunters, final legs modified for tactile sensation, antennae sense vibrations, most have simple eyes but some are compound

Animal Structure & Diversity (17 decks)

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