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Animal Structure & Diversity > 1/28/20 > Flashcards

1/28/20 Flashcards

1
Q

earliest animals are most easily defined by ____ and ____

A

body plan symmetry; embryo development

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2
Q

three types of animal symmetry

A

asymmetry, radial symmetry, and bilateral symmetry

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3
Q

this type of symmetry has no dividing planes/axis

A

asymmetry

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4
Q

this type of symmetry has no anterior/posterior ends and is divided along multiple planes

A

radial symmetry

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5
Q

this type of symmetry is divided along a single plane

A

bilateral symmetry

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6
Q

animals with radial symmetry have an ____ end and an ____ end

A

oral; aboral

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7
Q

the area of a radially symmetric animal where the mouth can be found

A

oral

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8
Q

the area of a radially symmetric animal opposite of the mouth

A

aboral

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9
Q

bilaterally symmetric animals have a ____ and ____, ____ and ____, ____ and ____, and _____ and ____

A

front;back, top;bottom, anterior;posterior, dorsal;ventral

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10
Q

the head end of a bilaterally symmetric animal

A

anterior

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11
Q

the tail end of a bilaterally symmetric animal

A

posterior

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12
Q

the backside of a bilaterally symmetric animal

A

dorsal

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13
Q

the front side of a bilaterally symmetric animal

A

ventral

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14
Q

the earliest animals had a(n) ____ symmetry

A

asymmetric

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15
Q

____ symmetry was the second to evolve

A

radial

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16
Q

nearly all extant animals have ____ symmetry

A

bilateral

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17
Q

an egg that has been fertilized by a sperm

A

zygote

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18
Q

cell division without growth

A

cleavage

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19
Q

Phyla ____ and ____ lack a distinct cleavage pattern

A

Porifera; Cnidaria

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20
Q

most bilateral animals divide in ____ or ____ cleavage

A

radial; spiral

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21
Q

cleavage planes are symmetrical to polar axis and produce tiers of cells on top of each other forming identical blastomeres that could each form a complete embryo

A

radial cleavage

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22
Q

cells cleave at an angle to polar axis and cleave asymmetrically, producing small cells on top of large (nonidentical blastomeres could not individually form a complete embryo)

A

spiral cleavage

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23
Q

cells formed during cleavage

A

blastomeres

24
Q

all ____ have spiral cleavage

A

Lophotrochoza

25
Q

all ____ have radial cleavage

A

Deuterostomia

26
Q

fluid-filled ball of cells that forms from the zygote

A

blastula

27
Q

name for the cavity in the center of the blastula

A

blastocoel

28
Q

Phylum(s) ____ progress into the blastula stage

A

ALL

29
Q

Phylum ____ does not progress past the blastula stage

A

Porifera

30
Q

blastula forms into ____

A

gastrula

31
Q

process by which one end of the gastrula invaginates

A

gastrulation

32
Q

pocket formed in gastrula following gastrulation

A

gastrocoel

33
Q

germ layers of the gastrula

A

ectoderm and endoderm

34
Q

animals with two germ layers

A

diploblasts

35
Q

the third layer that forms in the gastrula of some species

A

mesoderm

36
Q

animals with three germ layers

A

triploblasts

37
Q

the mesoderm forms into this following development

A

coelom

38
Q

the area in the body that stores all organs

A

coelom

39
Q

when the mesoderm lines only the outer edge of the blastocoel

A

pseudocoelom

40
Q

when the mesoderm forms into a spongy tissue that fills the blastocoel

A

acoelomate body

41
Q

when the mesoderm lines both the outer and inner edges of the blastocoel

A

coelomate

42
Q

forms everything from the mouth to the anus

A

endoderm

43
Q

forms muscle, bone, connective tissue, circulatory system, adipose tissue, etc.

A

mesoderm

44
Q

forms skin, teeth, hair, CNS, eyes, etc.

A

ectoderm

45
Q

all ____ and ____ are triploblasts

A

Protostomes; Deuterostomes

46
Q

all ____ and ____ are diploblasts

A

Cnidarians; Ctenophores

47
Q

mesoderm type is/isn’t a reliable character

A

isn’t

48
Q

> 95% of animals have this type of mesoderm

A

coelomate

49
Q

in ____, the blastophore develops into the mouth first

A

Protostomes

50
Q

in ____, the blastophore develops into the anus first

A

Deuterostomes

51
Q

ways to define an animal

A

multicellular eukaryotes, heterotrophic, no cell walls, motile (at some life stage), and development into at least blastula

52
Q

hierarchy of complex bodies

A

protoplasm>cellular>tissue>tissue-organ>organ-system

53
Q

thought to be earliest ancestor of all animals

A

Choanoflagellates

54
Q

earliest animals

A

Phylum Porifera

55
Q

characters of Porifera

A

sessile as adults, “skeleton” made of spicules/collagen, no digestive system, no respiratory system, no excretory system, no nervous system, all aquatic (mostly marine), no tissue, mostly hermaphroditic, can produce asexually

Animal Structure & Diversity (17 decks)

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