Amphibians

Question 1

3 orders within class Amphibia

Answer 1

Anura, Gymnophiora, and Urodela

Question 2

characters common to amphibians

Answer 2

skeleton mostly ossified (some cartilage present), first real tetrapods, poikilothermic

Question 3

respiration in amphibians

Answer 3

have gills or lungs based on life stage, lung is simple with not much surface area, most respiration done through skin

Question 4

reproduction in amphibians

Answer 4

dioecious sexes, anamniotic eggs

Question 5

circulation in amphibians

Answer 5

separate systemic and pulmonary circuits, two atria and one ventricle –> increased efficiency and higher blood pressure

Question 6

sensory systems in amphibians

Answer 6

vision and sound are most important; all but Gymnophiores have well-developed eyes, all have ear with external tympanum and columella to transmit sound to inner ear

Question 7

order of amphibians known as caecilians

Answer 7

order Gymnophiora

Question 8

characters of Gymnophiores

Answer 8

about 200 species, legless (look like giant worms), all tropical, fossorial, eyes covered by skin

Question 9

sensory system unique to Gymnophiores

Answer 9

have sensory face tentacles for olfaction

Question 10

reproduction in Gymnophiores

Answer 10

internal fertilization, some viviparous with no larval stage, some oviparous with a “tadpole”-like life stage

Question 11

order of Amphibia known as salamanders

Answer 11

order Urodela

Question 12

characters of Urodela

Answer 12

700 species, small, carnivorous, live in northern hemisphere, have a sticky tongue to shoot out towards prey

Question 13

reproduction of Urodeleans

Answer 13

most have internal fertilization but no copulatory organs, male drop spermatophores which females pick up to fertilize their eggs, have gills as larva

Question 14

order of Amphibia containing frogs and toads

Answer 14

order Anura

Question 15

characters of order Anura

Answer 15

7000+ species, many live in tropics, tailless, small, herbivores as larva, carnivores as adults, have a urostyle

Question 16

urostyle

Answer 16

structure seen in Anurans where the spine is fused with the pelvis to allow for greater muscle attachment (aids in jumping)

Question 17

respiration in Anurans

Answer 17

have a rudimentary lung, but most respiration is done directly through the skin

Question 18

reproduction in Anurans

Answer 18

almost all have external fertilization, most lay eggs directly into water (can be terrestrial in the tropics)

Question 19

fungus killing frogs on a global scale :(

Answer 19

chytrid fungus :(