1/29/20

Question 1

two types of diversity in Phylum Porifera

Answer 1

morphological diversity and phylogenetic diversity

Question 2

three types of morphological diversity in Porifera

Answer 2

Asconoid, Synconoid, and Leuconoid

Question 3

three types of phylogenetic diversity in Porifera

Answer 3

Calcarea, Hexactinellida, and Demospongiae

Question 4

most sponges are ____

Answer 4

Demospongiae

Question 5

small incurrent pores on the sponge body

Answer 5

ostia

Question 6

body cavity in a sponge

Answer 6

spongocoel

Question 7

main excurrent body opening in a sponge

Answer 7

osculum

Question 8

process by which water filters through a sponge

Answer 8

ostia suck water into the spongocoel and out through the osculum

Question 9

small silica molecules that create structure in the sponge body

Answer 9

spicules

Question 10

name for the sponge body (the especially spongey part)

Answer 10

mesohyl

Question 11

creates the water current through the sponge

Answer 11

choanocytes

Question 12

simplest sponge body form

Answer 12

asconoid

Question 13

sponge body form that contains choanocyte-lined radial canals which empty into a single spongocoel

Answer 13

synconoid

Question 14

sponge body form where multiple flagellated chambers connected together pump water into the spongocoel

Answer 14

leuconoid

Question 15

largest/sturdiest/most abundant sponge body form

Answer 15

leuconoid

Question 16

three classes of Porifera

Answer 16

calcarea, demospongiae, and hexactinellida

Question 17

the earliest class of Porifera

Answer 17

calcarea

Question 18

class of Porifera with spicules made form calcium carbonate, a generally small size, encompassing all three morphological types

Answer 18

calcarea

Question 19

class of Porifera called “glass sponges”, live in deep ocean, have lattice-like skeleton made from silica spicules, live up to 15,000 years, all choanocytes are fused together to form a synctium, all have synconoid morphology

Answer 19

hexactinellida

Question 20

one cell with many nuclei

Answer 20

synctium

Question 21

class of Porifera that contains >75% of all sponge diversity, spicules often replaced with a spongin lattice, all have leuconoid morphology, contains the only existing freshwater sponges

Answer 21

demospongiae

Question 22

monotypic phylum containing only Trichoplax adhaerens

Answer 22

Placozoa

Question 23

morphology of Placozoa

Answer 23

small, flat, no symmetry, marine, reproduces by splitting in half

Question 24

phylum containing comb jellies

Answer 24

Ctenophora

Question 25

morphology of Ctenophora

Answer 25

entirely marine, small, translucent, tissues (but no organs), no CNS, biradial symmetry, oral and aboral ends, many have paired sticky tentacles, food partially digested in pharynx but fully in cells, 8 rows of comb-like plates of cilia for motion, mostly hermaphroditic, have a mouth, stomach, anal pores, and rudimentary gut

Question 26

phylum containing anemonies, corals, and jellies

Answer 26

Cnidaria

Question 27

morphology of Cnidaria

Answer 27

aquatic (mostly marine), diploblastic with mesoglea in between, radial symmetry, very diverse, stinging cnidocytes, blind gut, no CNS, light-sensing, ahve tissues

Question 28

in Cnidaria, tentacles are found on the ____ side

Answer 28

oral

Question 29

four key classes of Cnidaria

Answer 29

anthozoa, scyphozoa, cubozoa, and hydrozoa

Question 30

free-swimming Cnidarians (like jellyfish)

Answer 30

medusa

Question 31

sessile Cnidarians (like anemones)

Answer 31

polyp

Question 32

gun-like cells on Cnidarian epidermis that shoot out when touched

Answer 32

cnidocytes

Question 33

common type of cnidocyte that releases a paralyzing and stinging toxin

Answer 33

nematocysts

Question 34

two phases of digestion for Cnidarians

Answer 34

1) enzymes released into GVC start breaking down prey

2) cells lining GVC phagocytize prey tissue ad absorb nutrients