2/26/20 Flashcards
subphylum of Arthropoda including crabs, lobsters, and barnacles
subphylum Crustacea
general characters of Phylum Crustacea
mostly free-living marine species (but can be sessile/parasitic), many are scavengers
Crustaceans are/aren’t uniramous
aren’t
two parts of Crustacean walking legs
exopod and endopod
appendages present in Crustaceans
pair of chelipeds for capturing food, pair of maxillipeds for handling food, pair of mandibles and maxillae for shredding and bringing food to the mouth
tagmata present in Crustaceans
cephalothorax and abdomen
structure covering the cephalothorax of some Crustaceans
carapace
location of gills in Crustaceans
in between the carapace and body organs. attached to walking legs
excretory system of Crustaceans
paired glands in the head for waste removal
waste product of Crustaceans
ammonia
nervous system of Crustaceans
simple brain with pair of ventral nerve chords with ganglia on each segment
two key classes of subphylum Crustacea
Maxillopoda and Malacostraca
class of subphylum Crustacea containing barnacles and copepods
class Maxillopoda
characters of class Maxillopoda
barnacles are sessile and use cirri for feeding, hermaphroditic but avoid self-fertilization
characters of class Malacostraca
40,000 species, 16 known orders
important order of class Malacostraca known for crabs, lobsters, and shrimp
order Decapoda
characters of order Decapoda
5 paired walking legs, first pair of walking legs form pinchers, generally walk but some swim
body system for creating uric acid in terrestrial arthropods
malpighian tubules
function of malpighian tubules
slender tubes shoot off the end of the midgut and absorb nitrogenous wastes, precipitating out water
subphylum of Arthropoda containing Insecta and Entognatha
subphylum Hexapoda
three tagmata in subphylum Hexapoda
head, thorax, and abdomen
Hexapods are/arent uniramous
are
class of subphylum Hexapoda containing ancestrally wingless arthropods
class Entognatha
characters of class Enthognatha
mostly Collembola (springtails), commonly found in leaf litter, important for nutrient cycling, mouthparts within head
class of subphylum Hexapoda containing ancestrally winged arthropods
class Insecta
general characters of class Insecta
tons of species, most fly at some life stage, mouthparts externally visible
divisions of the thorax in Insecta
prothorax, mesothorax, metathorax
location of forewing and hindwing on Insects
forewing is on the mesothorax, hindwing is on the metathorax
structure of eyes in Insects
compound eyes made of 1000s of individual light-perceiving ommatidia
subclass of Insecta with direct flight
Paleoptera
subclass of Insecta with indirect flight
Neoptera
function of direct Insect flight
two sets of muscles take turn contracting to pull wings up/down, forewing and hindwing can move separately from each other
function of indirect Insect flight
one set of muscles contracts the thorax dorsoventrally to move wings up, longitudinal muscles push up on thorax to move wings down, wings beat together
structures in an Insect to aid chewing
mandibles, maxillae, and labial palps
digestive tract of Insects
foregut (mouth, esophagus, crop, proventriculus), midgut (stomach, gastric ceca), hindgut (intestines, rectum, anus)
two forms of development in Insects
hemimetabolous and holometabolous
form of development ancestral to Insects
hemimetabolous
course of hemimetabolous development
larva goes through several nymph stages before reaching adulthood
course of holometabolous development
evolved once, larva pupates to enter adulthood
respiratory system of Insects
spiracles at the trunk of an insect pipe air into trachea which distribute air directly to cells
