Balance

Question 1

What are the 5 grades of functional balance?

Answer 1

Normal
Good
Fair
Poor
Unable

Question 2

Normal grade?

Answer 2

Able to maintain balance w/o handhold, can shift weight easily in all directions

Question 3

Good grade?

Answer 3

Able to maintain steady balance w/o handhold, limited postural sway.

Question 4

Fair grade?

Answer 4

Able to maintain with handhold, minimal occasional assistance. Can maintain while turning heaf/trunk

Question 5

Poor grade?

Answer 5

Requires handhold c mod-max A. Cannot move w/o loss of balance.

Question 6

Unable grade?

Answer 6

Needs max A

Question 7

Momentum?

Answer 7

m*v=M Linear or angular

Question 8

BOS?

Answer 8

Perimeter of contact c ground(includes AD)

Question 9

Limits of stability?

Answer 9

Maximum distance a person can lean in any direction w/o loss of bal or changing bos.

Question 10

COM?

Answer 10

The balancing point where perfect rotation occurs.

Question 11

COG/vertical gravity line (VGL)?

Answer 11

Vertical projection of the center of mass to the ground.

Question 12

Balance control?

Answer 12

Motor task that involves
1. Sensory integration
2. Proprioception
3. Kinesthetic perception
to control musculoskeletal responses to control body position in the context of the environment.

Question 13

What does balance control require?(2 systems)

Answer 13

• Intact systems and interaction of:
• Nervous system
• Musculoskeletal system

Question 14

3 KEY SENSORY COMPONENTS OF BALANCE?

Answer 14

• Visual: gaze, speed/direction of movement
• Vestibular: acceleration, head position
• Somatosensory: pressure, orientation, and movement of
body parts, skin, muscles and joints

Question 15

The visual system (as related to balance) involves?(2)

Answer 15

gaze

speed/direction of movement

Question 16

Vestibular involves?(2)

Answer 16

Acceleration

Head position

Question 17

Somatosensory involves?(3)

Answer 17

Pressure
Orientation,
Movement (of body parts, skin, muscles and joints)

Question 18

TYPES OF BALANCE CONTROL?

Answer 18

• Static (sit & stand)
• Dynamic (move on a steady surface, stand on a moving surface, or a combination)
• Automatic Postural Reactions (unexpected external perturbation)

Question 19

MOTOR STRATEGIES should?

Answer 19

Work distal to proximal.

Question 20

Strategies for motor rehab in balance? (2 ankle and 1 hip)

Answer 20

Ankle
• Weight Shift: frontal plane
• Suspension: lowers COM
• Hip 
• Stepping: LOS is over-reached
Combined

Question 21

Who should have their balance tested?(7)

Answer 21

• The Elderly
• The Weak
• Recent surgery
• Neurological Impairments(TBI, CVA, MS)
• Amputees
• Kids
• People taking >4 Rx