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S.N Microbiology > Bacteriology - Not on Sketchy > Flashcards

Bacteriology - Not on Sketchy Flashcards

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1
Q

3 examples for other Cougulase Negative Staphylococci?

A

S. Haemolyticus

S.Lugduenesis

S.Hominis

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2
Q

S. Hemolyticus

Transmission and Resivoir

A

Resivoir - Part of Normal Skin flora

Opportunistic Pathogen - Wound Infection, Endocarditis, Bacteremia and Sepsis.

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3
Q

S. Hemolyticus

Lab Diagnosis

A

S. Hemolyticus - Lab Diagnosis:

Cougulase Negative and Gram Positive

Beta Hemolysis

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4
Q

S. Lugdunensis

Transmission and Pathogesis

A

Oppurtonistis Pathogen - Skin flora

Aggressive Endocarditis and Other involvement in Cardiovascular Infections.

(Cougulase Negative and Gram Positive)

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5
Q

S. Hominis

Hemolytic Activity

Transmission

A

No Hemolytic Activity (Gamma) but Contribuits to Body Odor :)

Cougulase Negative and Gram Positive

Opportunistic Pathogen from Skin Flora

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6
Q

Common features of the Streptococcus Genus: (4)

A

Gram-Positive Cocci

Arranged in Pairs or Chains

Facultative Anaerobe

Catalase Negative (and Isolation on Blood Agar)

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7
Q

Strep. Hemolysis Classification on Blood agar:

Alpha - Examples for Bacteria

Beta - Examples for Bacteria

Gamma - Examples for Bacteria

A

Strep. Hemolysis Classification on Blood agar:

Alpha - S. Pneumoniae / S. Virdans

Beta - S. Pyogenes / S. Agalactiae

Gamma - Enterococcus Faecalis

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8
Q

Hemolysis Classification on Blood agar:

Alpha - Meaning

Beta - Meaning

Gamma - Meaning

A

Hemolysis Classification on Blood agar:

Alpha - Green or Partial Hemolysis, Reduction of Hb

Beta - Complete Hemoysis Colonies

Gamma - None Hemolysis Colonies

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9
Q

Strep. Lancifield Classification (A-U) - Antigen Dependent (A-G in human) Examples for :

A -

B -

D -

A

Strep. Lancifield Classification (A-U)

A - S.Pyogenes

B - S. Agalactiae

D - S. Bovis and E. Facaelis

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10
Q

Molecular Classification of Strep. (16S rRNA)

Pyogen Examples

A

Pyogen Examples

S. Pyogenes, S.Agalactiae

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11
Q

Molecular Classification of Strep. (16S rRNA)

Anginosus Examples

A

Anginosus

S. Anginosus

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12
Q

Molecular Classification of Strep. (16S rRNA)

Mitis Examples

A

Mitis

S.Pneumoniae and S.Mitis

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13
Q

Molecular Classification of Strep. (16S rRNA)

What is unique about Sanguinis and Mutans?

A

Dental Carries

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14
Q

Virdans Group Diseases for:

Sanguis and Oralis

Mutans

Bovis

A

Sanguis and Oralis - Endocarditis

Mutans - Dental Caries

Bovis - Malignancies of GI

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15
Q

Streptococcus Mutans

Metabolic Products (Cariogenesis)

A

Streptococcus Mutans

Metbolizes Sugars to Lactic Acid allowing for Low pH enviorment.

Produces Polysacchrides from Sucrose.

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16
Q

Other Aerobic Spore Formers Bacilli:

Antibiotics Producers + Antibiotic

(Try to Remember at least 3 examples)

A

Brevibacillus Brevis - Gramicidin

Bacillus Subtilis - Bacitracin

Bacilus Cereus - Cerexin

Paenibacillus Polymyxa - Polymyxin

Bacillus Circulans - Circulin

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17
Q

Other Aerobic Spore Formers Bacilli:

Kind Used for Testing Heat Sterilization Procedures

A

Geobacillus Stearothermophilus

Used for Testing Heat Sterilization Procedures

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18
Q

Other Aerobic Spore Formers Bacilli:

Kinds Occasionally isolated from Gastroeneritis

(Try to Remember at least 3 examples)

A

B. Subtilis ,B. Circulans ,B. Coagulans ,Brevibacillus Brevis, B. Pumilus

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19
Q

Conditions for Anaerobic Gram Negative Rods

CO2 and O2 Values - Finegold

A

CO2 - More than 10%

O2 - less than 8%

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20
Q

Anaerobic Gram Negative Rods

4 Enzymes Missing

A

1) Cytochromes for Oxygen Metabolism
2) Supraoxide Dismutase
3) Catalase (Partly)
4) Peroxidase (Partly)

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21
Q

Anaerobic Gram Negative Rods

Noraml Flora of Oral Cavity (1:10 - Aero/Anaero)

A

Peptococcus

Peptostreptococcus

Lactobacillus

Bifidobacterium

Prophyromonas

Fusobacterium

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22
Q

Anaerobic Gram Negative Rods

Noraml Flora of Colon (1:1000 - Aero/Anaero)

A

Peptococcus

Peptostreptococcus

Lactobacillus

Bifidobacterium

Prophyromonas

Fusobacterium

Eubacterium

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23
Q

Anaerobic Gram Negative Rods

Noraml Flora of Skin (10:1 - Aero/Anaero)

A

P. Acnes

Propionibacterium

Prevotella

Bacteroides

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24
Q

Anaerobic Gram Negative Rods

Noraml Flora of Vagina (Changing Aero/Anaero)

A

Peptostreptococcus

Lactobacillus

Bifidobacterium

Eubacterium

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25
Q

Anaerobic Gram Negative Rods

Peptococcus - Normal Flora of…

A

Colon and Oral Cavity

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26
Q

Anaerobic Gram Negative Rods

Peptostreptococcus - Normal Flora of…

A

Colon, Vagina and Oral Cavity

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27
Q

Anaerobic Gram Negative Rods

Lactobacilus - Normal Flora of…

A

Colon, Vagina and Oral Cavity

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28
Q

Anaerobic Gram Negative Rods

Bifidobacterium - Normal Flora of…

A

Colon, Vagina and Oral Cavity

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29
Q

Anaerobic Gram Negative Rods

Bacteroids - Normal Flora of…

A

Colon, Skin and Oral Cavity

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30
Q

Anaerobic Gram Negative Rods

Prophyromonas- Normal Flora of…

A

Colon and Oral Cavity

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31
Q

Anaerobic Gram Negative Rods

Eubacterium - Normal Flora of…

A

Colon and Vagina

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32
Q

Anaerobic Gram Negative Rods

Upon displacement from normal flora enviorment to dying body tissue:

Examples, Conditions met and General Consequences

A

Conditions - 1) Lower O2: Shock, Angiopathy and DM

2) Barrier Cut - Aspiration, Operation and Trauma

Results in Endogenous Infection and Complex Pathogenesis

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33
Q

Anaerobic Gram Negative Rods

Antibiotics Treatment:

What should be determined before given? Which type?

A

Only after MIC Determination

Metronidazole - Effective against most anaerobes

Clindamycin, Chloramphenical are also a possibility

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34
Q

Moraxella Genus

Lab Findings and General Charcteristics

A

Gram Negative

Diplococci

Oxidase Positive

White Colonies on Culture Media

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35
Q

Moraxella Genus

Normal Flora of…

A

Moraxella Genus - Normal Flora of…

Skin, Upper respiratory Tract and Genitourinary Tract.

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36
Q

Moraxella Catarrhalis

Specific Biochemical Features (other than Oxidase+)

A

Obligate Anaerobe

Beta-Lactamase+

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37
Q

Moraxella Catarrhalis

Epidemiologic Factors, Diseases and Treatments

A

Epidemiologic Factors - Childrens or Respiratory patients

Diseases - Bronchopneumonia, Bronchitis, Sinusitis and Otitis Media

Treatment - Amoxicillin with Clavulinic Acid

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38
Q

Moraxella Lacunata

Disease

Treatment

A

Moraxella Lacunata

Subacute Conjectivitis

Amoxicillin with Clavulinic Acid

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39
Q

Moraxella Osloensis and Moraxella Nonliquefaciens

Normal Flora of…

Kind of Infection

A

Moraxella Osloensis and Moraxella Nonliquefaciens

Skin surface, Mucosal Membranes of Mouth and Genitourinary Tract.

Causes Rare Opportunistic Infections

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40
Q

How can we diffretiate between N. Meningitidis and N. Gonorrohea?

A

N. Meningitidis has a Capsule and Ferments Maltose while N. Gonorrohea Does Not.

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41
Q

Other Apathogenic Neisseria:

Important Species (Try to remember at least 3)

A

Other Apathogenic Neisseria:

Lactemica , Subflava, Flavescens, Mucosa, Pharyngitidis, Pharyngococcus

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42
Q

Other Apathogenic Neisseria:

Rare Pathogenesis Consequence

Cultivation in contrast to Pathogenic Neisseria

A

Rare Pathogenesis - Respiratory Tract Infections, Endocarditis or Conjunctivitis (N.Lactamica)

Cultivation - Easier, Normal Neiserria Media, Ferments several Sugars

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43
Q

Other Apathogenic Neisseria:

General Features and Habitat

A

General Features - Gram-, Aerobic, Oxidase+

Habitat - Oral and Nasopharyngeal

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44
Q

Proteus Spicies

Most Infections Source

Other Kinds

A

Most Infections by P. Mirabilis

Other less infective - P. Penneri, P. Vulgaris

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45
Q

EAEC - Enteroaggregative E. Coli

MOA, Disease

A

EAEC - Enteroaggregative E. Coli

MOA - Attachment to epitheial cells of Small Intesine by Pili , Bacterial Aggregation and release cytotoxins

Sever wattery diarrhea in Children in developing countries (Chronic >14 days)

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46
Q

EIEC - Enteroinvasive E. Coli

MOA, Disease, Plasmid Activity

A

EIEC - Enteroinvasive E. Coli

MOA - Colon Destruction of Epithelial Cells

Dysentery - Wattery Diarrhea, Mucos and Fever

Plasmid Activity - Full Invasion of Plasmid from Shigella

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47
Q

EPEC - Enteropathogenic E. Coli

Transmission ,MOA, Disease

A

EPEC - Enteropathogenic E. Coli

Transmission - Nursing homes Outbreaks

MOA - Attachment to epitheial cells of Small Intesine by Intimin/Tir Complex - Pedestal Formation!

Wattery Diarrhea in Newborns

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48
Q

Salmonella Genus

Biochemical Properties

Types in Animal GI, Gastroenteitis

A

Salmonella Genus

Biochemical Properties - H2S+, Lactose(-)

Types in Animal GI,Gastroenteitis - S.Enteriditis and S. Typhimurium

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49
Q

Vibrionaceae Familly

General Characteristics

A

Vibrionaceae Familly

Gram Negative, Comma Shaped

Oxidase Positive

Primarily Found in Water

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50
Q

Vibrio Parahaemolyiticus

Lab Diagnosis

VF

Incubation time

A

Vibrio Parahaemolyiticus

TCBS Medium Culture

Enterotoxin

24hrs

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51
Q

Vibrio Parahaemolyiticus

Transmission and Symptomes

A

Vibrio Parahaemolyiticus

Shellfish, Undercooked asian food or Sea water

Self Limited Severe Gastroenteritis with Diarrhea

Wound Infection from Sea Water

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52
Q

Vibrio Vulnificus

Transmission

VF

Diseases

A

Vibrio Vulnificus

Shellfish, Undercooked asian food or Sea water

VF: Capsule, Cytolysins, Collagenases, Proteases, Siderophores (Iron-Carrier Enzyme)

Severe Wound infection - Erythema, Bullae Formation and Necrosis

Sepsis (Septicemia)

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53
Q

Plesiomonas Shigelliodes

Lab Diagnosis

Transmission

Clinical Feature

A

Plesiomonas Shigelliodes

Gram Negative, Motile and Oxidase Positive

Transmitted by Seafood

Gastroenteritis with Wattery/Bloody Diarrhea

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54
Q

Aeromonas Hydrophila

Lab Diagnosis

Treatment

A

Aeromonas Hydrophila

Gram Negative, Rod Shaped, Facultative Anaerobic

Oxidase and Indole Positive

Fluroquinalone : Ciprofloxacin

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55
Q

Aeromonas (e.g. A. Hydrophila)

Transmission

Clinical Features

A

Transmitted by Meat and Dairy Products/ Immunocompremised Paitents

Bloody Diarrhea from food infection

Wound Infection - Cellulitis from Infected Water

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56
Q

Bulkholderia, Stenotrophomonas and Acinetobacter

General Common Features

A

Bulkholderia, Stenotrophomonas and Acinetobacter

Contaminate Moist Hospital Sites - Nosocomial Infection

Sinks, Showers, Respirators

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57
Q

Burkholderia Mallei

Disease Related

A

Burkholderia Mallei - Glanders Disease

  • Effects Donkeys and Horses as well
  • Highly Infectious
  • Skin and Mucosal Ulcers
  • Inhalation can cause pneumonia
  • Lymphangitis and Sepsis (Lethal)
58
Q

Burkholderia Pseudomallei

Transmission and Pathogenesis

A

Burkholderia Pseudomallei

In Tropical Countries soil

Highly Infectious and Could be dormant for years

Re-Occurance upon stress

Peritichous Polar Flagella

59
Q

Burkholderia Pseudomallei

Disease Related

A

Burkholderia Pseudomallei - Disease Related

  • Meliodosis - Endemic Glanders like disease
  • Chronic Lung Disorders
  • Upper Lobe Pulmanry Disease
  • Acute Bacteremia (From cutaneous Infection)
60
Q

Burkholderia Cepacia Complex (BCC)

Reservoir

Pathogenesis

Treatment

A

Burkholderia Cepacia Complex (BCC)

  • Plant Pathogen but opportunistic pathgen in Cystic Fibrosis (Rare Otherwise)
  • Motile with Peritrichous Polar Flagella
  • Highly drug Resistant
61
Q

H. Haemolyticus

A

H. Haemolyticus

Gram(-) Coccobacillus

Diagnosis: Has Hemolytic Activity

Diagnosis: Choclate Agar with Factor V and X

62
Q

H. Parainfluenzae

A

​H. Parainfluenzae

Gram(-) Coccobacillus

Similar Diseases to Influenzae

Diagnosis: Choclate Agar with Factor V only

63
Q

H. Parahaemolyticus

A

H. Parahaemolyticus

Gram(-) Coccobacillus

Diagnosis: Has Hemolytic Activity

Diagnosis: Choclate Agar with only Factor V

64
Q

H. Aegypticus

Symptomes

A

H. Aegypticus

Conjectivitis and Brazilian Purpuric Fever (In children)

65
Q

H. Aegypticus

Diagnosis

A

H. Aegypticus

Gram(-) elongated Rod

Diagnosis: Choclate Agar with Factor V and X

66
Q

H. Ducreyi

Transmission and Symptomes

A

H. Ducreyi

STD

Painfull Ulcus molle - Chanceroid (Unlike Syphillis)

67
Q

H. Ducreyi

Diagnosis and Treatent

A

H. Ducreyi

Gram(-) elongated Rod

Diagnosis: Choclate Agar with Only Factor X

Treatment: Erythromycin, Fluroquinolone

68
Q

Other Haemophilus:

H. Haemolyticus

A

H. Haemolyticus

Gram(-) Coccobacillus

Diagnosis: Has Hemolytic Activity

Diagnosis: Choclate Agar with Factor V and X

69
Q

Stenotrphomonas Maltophilia

​Transmission and Characteristics

A

Stenotrphomonas Maltophilia

  • 3rd most common gram negative pathogen
  • Isolated from sputum of Cystic Fibrosis Paitents
  • Nosocomial - IV Catheters, Disinfectant solutions
70
Q

Stenotrphomonas Maltophilia

Clinical Features and Treatment

A

Stenotrphomonas Maltophilia

  • Lung infection (CFTR) and Sepsis
  • MDR potential
  • Treated with Trimethoprim and Sulfamethoxazole
71
Q

Acinetobacter Baumanii

Characteristics and Diagnosis

Transmission

A

Acinetobacter Baumanii

  • Gram Negative, Coccobacilli, Obligate Anaerobe
  • Oxidase Positive, Non-Fermenting
  • Ubiquitous Saprophytes
  • Nosocomial - Opportunistic for Paitents with broad spectrum antibiotics
72
Q

Acinetobacter Baumanii

Pathogenesis

Clinical features

Treatment

MACI and PACI

A

Acinetobacter Baumanii

  • Forms Biofilms in Catherters develop to Bacteremia
  • Sepsis, UTI, RTI, Wound infections
  • MDR - Treatment based on in vitro susceptibillity tests (like Disc Diffusion)
  • MACI - Multi-resistant Acinetobacter Baumanii
  • PACI - Pan-resistant Acinetobacter Baumanii
73
Q

Cariogenesis

  • Process and Outcome
  • Causitive Agents
  • Advanced Stage agents
A

Cariogenesis

  • Demnirlization of Enamel, Dentin or Cementum by lactic acids produced by -
  • S.Mutans or S.Sanguis usually
  • Lactobacilus Spp. is involved in later stages
74
Q

Bacteroides Fragilis

General Charactersistics

VF (Non toxic)

Toxin

A

Bacteroides Fragilis

Polysacchride Capsule, Flora of GI, Anaerobe

Hyalurodinase, Fubrinolysin, DNase, Heparinase

Heat-Labile Zinc Metaloprotease

75
Q

Pervotella Disiens

General Charcteristics

VF

A

Pervotella Disiens

Vagina Flora, Anaerobe

IgA Protease

Collagenase and Fibrinolysin

76
Q

Fusobacterium Genus

VF

Clinical Symptomes

Diagnostics

A

Fusobacterium Genus

Anaerobe Gram Negative Rod, With oral spirochates cause Infections

Plaut-Vincet Angina -Ulceritive Tonsillitis could progress to Gingivitis

Geisma Stain

77
Q

Streptococcus Bovis

Clinical Presentation

Assosiation with

Dominant subtype

A

Streptococcus Bovis

Mitral Valve Endocaritis after GI surgery

In general Bacterima Could indicate Colorectal Cancer

S. Gallolyticus

78
Q

Borrelia Recurrentis

Transmission

Pathogenicity

Clinical Presentation and Treatment

A

Borrelia Recurrentis

Louse Vector between Humans

Capable of Antigenic Variation

Epidemic Relapsing Fever, Treat by Tetracyclines

79
Q

Borrelia Hermsii

Transmission

Pathogenicity

Clinical Presentation and Treatment

A

Borrelia Hermsii

Zoonosis transmission via Ticks

Capable of Antigenic Variation

Endemic Relapsing Fever, Treat by Tetracyclines

80
Q

Erysipelothrix Rhusiopathiae

`General Features

A

Erysipelothrix Rhusiopathiae

Gram Positive

Rod

Zoonosis (Pigs)

81
Q

Erysipelothrix Rhusiopathiae

Pathogensis

A

Erysipelothrix Rhusiopathiae

Erysiploid -Skin mild infection

(Similar to S.Pyogenes’s Erysipleas)

Endocarditis (Rarely)

82
Q

Erysipelothrix Rhusiopathiae

Erysipeloid -Symptomes

A

Erysipelothrix Rhusiopathiae - Erysipeloid Symptomes:

Pain

Skin lesions without pus

Violaceus (Purple Spots)

83
Q

Erysipelothrix Rhusiopathiae

Diagnosis, Treatment and Prevention

A

Erysipelothrix Rhusiopathiae

Diagnosis: Small transparnt colonies on Blood agar

Treatment: Self limiting (4 wks max) or Penicillin

Prevention: Vaccination of Pigs or Gloves

84
Q

Lactobacillus (L.acidophilus, L.Casei, L. Fermentum)

General Features

A

Lactobacillus (L.acidophilus, L.Casei, L. Fermentum)

Gram Positive

Rod Shape

Part of Oral, Gut and Vagina Normal Flora - Acidic Environments

85
Q

Lactobacillus (L.acidophilus, L.Casei, L. Fermentum)

Clinical Features

(Try to remember 3 Pathologies as they are rare)

A

Lactobacillus (L.acidophilus, L.Casei, L. Fermentum)

Lactose Fermenter that is used as Probiotic

Involved in late complications of Dental Caries

Rarely causes (Endo. Pathogen): Endocarditis, Meningitis, Cellulitis, Orbital Osteomylitis, Ptostatitis, Saplpingitis, Sepsis

86
Q

Lactobacillus (L.acidophilus, L.Casei, L. Fermentum)

Diagnosis

A

Lactobacillus (L.acidophilus, L.Casei, L. Fermentum)

Culture from CSF/Amniotic Fluid/Exodate

Rogosa Medium - Anaerobic conditions with low pH and High Glucose

Blood Agar - 5% CO2 24hrs. White-Yellowish Colonies with Yogurt Smell.

87
Q

Lactobacillus (L.acidophilus, L.Casei, L. Fermentum)

Treatment (When acts as Endogenous Pathogen)

A

Lactobacillus (L.acidophilus, L.Casei, L. Fermentum)

Dependent of Susceptability Test

could be Vancoyscin Resistant!

88
Q

Bifidobacterium Bifidum

General Features

A

Bifidobacterium Bifidum

Gram Positive Rod

Dominant Friendly Bacteria of the Intestine

89
Q

Bifidobacterium Bifidum

Found in Which Individuals

Medical Significance

Industrial Significance

A

Bifidobacterium Bifidum

Found in Breast-Fed Infants

Prevents colonization of Pathogens and Used as Probiotics

Manufacturing of Yogurt

90
Q

Prebiotics

Definition

Examples

A

Prebiotics

Non-Digestble foods aiding good bacteria flurish

Oligosaccharide-Fibers or Resistant Starch found in Fruits of Whole grains

91
Q

Probiotics

Definition

Examples

A

Probiotics

Friendly gut bacteria found in fermented foods

Lactobacilli and Bifidobacteria

92
Q

Porphyromonas

General Features

VF

A

Porphyromonas

Aanaerobic Gram-negative rod

Flora of Mouth and GI

Trypsin-like activity, Collagenase

93
Q

Salmonella Genus

Biochemical Properties

Types Adapted to Human, Enteric Fever

A

Salmonella Genus

Biochemical Properties - H2S+, Lactose(-)

Types Adapted to Human, Enteric Fever - S. Typhi and Parathyphi A, B and C (I.e. Abdominal Typhi - Picture)

94
Q

Salmonella Genus

Biochemical Diagnostic Methods

A

1) Eosin-Methylene Blue (EMB) medium: pink colonies (lactase negative)
2) Brillant-green medium: Lactose, dextrose, saccharose with Andrade indicator will appear

with no color (salmonella is lactose negative, E. Coli will show red)
3) Bismuth-sulfite medium: on bismuth salt + sodium sulfite medium, salmonella H2S
production will cause bismuth sulfide to be colored black (selective for salmonella)
4) Salmonella-Shigella (Hektoen) medium: black colonies (to distinguish from shigella)
Black plate under salmon

95
Q

Salmonella Genus

Serology

A
  • Slide agglutination- specific antibody to identify bacteria ‘O’ and ‘H’ antigens
  • Gruber-Widal test (tube agglutination)- serial dilutions of Ag to detect Ab in serum
96
Q

2 other Causative Agents of Tuberculosis

(other than Mycobacteria Tuberculosis)

A

2 other Causative Agents of Tuberculosis

  • Mycobacterium Bovis - Cattles milk to Human, Childhood scrofuloderma, BCG Vaccine derived from it (Live Attenuated).
  • Mycobacterium Africanum - West African countries
97
Q

Facultative Pathogenic Mycobacteria

Runyon Classification : Group II

A

Runyon Classification : Group II

  • Slow growers, Scotochromogens (only in dark)
  • Mycobacterium Scrofulaceum : from Soil or water to Oropharynx in Childern. Granulomatous cervical lymphadenitis. Treated by surgical removal.
  • Mycobacterium Xenopi
98
Q

Facultative Pathogenic Mycobacteria

Runyon Classification : Group IV

A

Runyon Classification : Group IV

  • Rapid growers (<7 days) , Non-chromogens
  • Mycobacterium Chelonae: from soil/water/animals, causing subcutanous lesions.
99
Q

Facultative Pathogenic Mycobacteria

Runyon Classification : Group III

A

Runyon Classification : Group III

  • Slow growers, Non-chromogens
  • Mycobacterium Avium complex: from soil/water/animals, Lung-TB/Dissaminated-TB in AIDS paitents. Diagnosis by microscopy and treatment with Clarithromycin and Azithromycin.
  • Mycobacterium Ulcerans: from soil/water. “Buruli” Skin ulcers and Abcesses
100
Q

Facultative Pathogenic Mycobacteria

Runyon Classification : Group I

A

Runyon Classification : Group I

  • Slow growers, Photochromogens (only in light)
  • Mycobacterium Marinum : from Fish, Lung-TB in AIDS paitents
  • Mycobacterium Kansasii: Lung and Systemic disease. Could be MDR-TB.
101
Q

Facultative Pathogenic Mycobacteria

Runyon Classification : 3 Parmeters

A

Runyon Classification

Based on:

  • Rate of growth
  • Yellow pigment production
  • If it was produced in the dark/light
102
Q

What are the facultative pathogenic mycobacteria? (2 examples)

A

Mycobacterium Avium Complex (MAC)

Mycobacterium Kansasii

Mycobacterium Marinum

Mycobacterium Ulcerans.

103
Q

Which mycobacteria is apathogenic?

A

Mycobacterium Smegmatis

104
Q

Serovariants of Leptospira Inerrogans

A

L. Icterohaemorrhagiae (Rats)

L. Canicola (Dogs)

L. Pomona (Pigs)

105
Q

Causative Agents of Lyme Disease?

A

Borrelia Garini

Borrelia Burgdorferi

Borrelia Afzelii

106
Q

What type of Vaccine is there for a Bacterium of the Salmonella Genus? Which Bacterium?

A

Live Attenuted Vaccine for Paratyphi and Typhi

(Syringe in Seagall’s Leg)

107
Q

How can we distinguish between S.Typhi+Paratyphi to Enteridis?

A

S.Typhi and Paratyphi have the Vi Capsular Antigen

108
Q

Medically Important Shigella Spicies:

A

Shigella Dysenteriae

Shigella Flexneri

Shigella Boydii

Shigella Sonnei

109
Q

Serney test for Shigella

A

Innoculation of Shigella in Rabitt shows Kertoconjectivitis

110
Q

Treatment for Shigella Infections

A

TMP-SMX

Trimethoprim and Sulfonamides

111
Q

What is the Tenesmus Sensation caused by Shigella?

A

Tenesmus

Constant need for Defication while eventaully turns out unproductive

112
Q

Which of the Yersinia Genus posess the Pla?

A

Yersinia Pestis - Pla, Plasminogen Activator Protease Gene

113
Q

Yersinoisis

How does it menifest with each pathogen related?

A

Yersinoisis

1) Y. Enterocolitica - Gastroenteitis and Enterocolitis
2) Y.Pseudotuberculosis - Gastroenteitis and Mesenteric Lymphadenitis

114
Q

Adult complications of Yersinoisis

A

Adult complications of Yersinoisis - Bechterew Disease

Spondylosis Ankylopoetica with Arteritis (IC acculomation)

Abcesses in Abdomen

Hepatitis

Osteomylitis

115
Q

What are the 3 types of Infection Menifestations in Y. Pestis?

A

3 Types of Infection Menifestations in Y. Pestis

  • Bubonic Form - LAD aka Buboes
  • Septicemic Form - Hemmoraghic Inflammation, Abcess, DIC
  • Pneumonic From - Black Blood Cough with Pneumonia
116
Q

What are the Bacteria relative to the Diphteroid Group?

A

Diphteroids

Corynebacterium Pseudodiphtheriticum, Corynebacterium Ulcerans, Corynebacterium Minutissimum, Corynebacterium Urealyticum.

117
Q

Legionella pneumophila is a bacterium grown on _____ ________ ____ ____ with iron and cysteine.

A

Legionella pneumophila is a bacterium grown on buffered charcoal yeast extract - BCYE with iron and cysteine.

118
Q

Campylobacteria Genus

More Examples apart from C. Jejuni

A

Campylobacteria Genus

Campylobacter Coli, Campylobacter Fetus and Campylobacter Upsaliensis - All causing Gastroenteritis

119
Q

B. Suis

Reservoir and Disease

A

B. Suis

Pigs

Swine brucellosis

120
Q

B. Melitensis

Reservoir and Disease

A

B. Melitensis

Goats and Sheep

Malta fever

121
Q

B. Abortus

Reservoir and Disease

A

B. Abortus

Cattle

Bang disease

122
Q

B. Canis

Reservoir and Infection

A

B. Canis

Dogs

rarely causing infection

123
Q

Bordetella Genus

More Examples apart from B. Pertussis

Pathogenesis

A

Bordetella Genus

B. Parapertussis, B.Bronchiseptica - with filamentous haemaglutinin, pertactin, fimbriae causing RTI

B. Petrii - Only Bordetella not obligate Aerobe

124
Q

Bartonella Quintana

Diseases Associated

A

Bartonella Quintana

5 Days Fever / Trench Fever

Subacute Endocarditis (3 Week to Culture)

Bacillary Angiomatosis (Like B.Hensle)

125
Q

C. Perfringens

A and C Types Acording to the Toxin and Symptomes

A

C. Perfringens

  • “A” type : (ε) Enterotoxin - Food Poisoning: watery diarrhea with abdominal cramps
  • “C” type: β-toxin - Necrotizing Enteritis (Often Fatal) : necrotic lesions in jejunum, bloody diarrhea, peritonitis, shock
126
Q

Other Gas Gangrane Clostridia

Clostridium Septicum

A

Clostridium Septicum​

  • Motile with peritrichous flagella
  • Associated with Colon tumor
  • VF: α-toxin with necrotic and hemolytic activity
  • Diagnosis by blood culture
  • Necrotizing fasciitis
127
Q

Other Gas Gangrane Clostridia

Clostridium Novyi

A

Clostridium Novyi​

  • General features: motile with peritrichous flagella Three types based on the toxin produced: A, B (pathogenic) and C (non-pathogenic)
  • Virulence factors: α, β, δ, ε toxins with haemolytic (necrotic activity), phospholipases and lipases
  • Clinical feature: Toxemia
128
Q

Other Gas Gangrane Clostridia

Clostridium Histolyticum

A

Clostridium Histolyticum

  • Animals and Humans are Targets
  • α-Toxin - Necrotizing Muscle Tissue - Killing Lab Animals in hours time
  • β-toxin - 7 Collagenases in complex
  • Rest are Proteases, Elastases and Hemolysins
129
Q

Treponema Genus and Non-Venereal Treponemal Diseases (Treponematosis):

Treponema Pallidum Vincentii

A

Treponema Pallidum spp. Endemicum

  • Ulcerative Tonsillitis - Plaut Vincent Angina
  • Combination with Fusobacterium Nucleatum in oral cavity causes fusospirochetal infection
  • Necrosis in tosils could extened to Acute ulceritive Gingivitis
130
Q

Treponema Genus and Non-Venereal Treponemal Diseases (Treponematosis):

Treponema Pallidum spp. Pertenue

A

Treponema Pallidum spp. Pertenue

  • Yaws - South America, Central Africa (Endemic)
  • Granulomatosus Disease
  • Secondary Skin lesions
131
Q

Treponema Genus and Non-Venereal Treponemal Diseases (Treponematosis):

Treponema Pallidum spp. Endemicum

A

Treponema Pallidum spp. Endemicum

  • Bejel (Endemic Syphilis) - Africa/Asia/Australia
  • Transmission through Eating utensils
  • Initial Oral Lesion
  • Secondary Skin lesions
132
Q

Diphteroids - Definition

A

Diphteroids

Non-Pathogenic Corynebacterium species

Members of the Normal skin and Throat flora

133
Q

Actinomyces - Other Species

2 names

A

Actinomyces - Other Species

Actinomyces Naeslundii (Mister lunas with nice nose)

Actinomyces Odontolyticus

134
Q

Oritentia Tsutsugamushi

Diagnosis and Treatment

A

Oritentia Tsutsugamushi

  • Giesma Stain
  • Doxycycline
135
Q

Oritentia Tsutsugamushi

Pathogenesis and Disease

A

Oritentia Tsutsugamushi

  • Reservoir and Transmission through Red Mites
  • Phospholipase: Allowing for degradation of Phagosome membrane
  • In host cell, Binary fission is very slow (up to 12 hours)
  • Scrub Typhus :Abrupt fever, headache, myalgia, in less than 50% also maculopapular rash. up to 15% mortality rate.
136
Q

Mycoplasmatales

Species and Morphology

A

Mycoplasmatales

  • Smallest living organism
  • Significant genera are Mycoplasma (125 species) and Ureaplasma (7 species)
137
Q

Mycoplasmas

General Features and Morphology

A

Mycoplasmas

  • Facultative anaerobes (except M. pneumoniae, which is an obligate aerobe)
  • Grow slowly and require exogenous Sterols for Membrane
  • Small colonies
  • No Cell Wall
  • Membrane Glycolipids and Proteins
138
Q

Mycoplasmas

M.Genitelium: Habitat, Pathogenesis, Diseases and Culturing

A

M.Genitelium

  • Habitat: Genitourinary tract
  • Pathogenesis: transmitted by sexual contact (STD)
  • Diseases: Non-Gonococcal urethritis (NGU), PID
  • Culture: from first part of urine or from ejaculate (urethral discharge)
139
Q

Mycoplasmas

M. Hominis: Habitat, Pathogenesis, Diseases, Treatment and Culturing

A

M. Hominis

  • Habitat: Genitourinary tract
  • Pathogenesis: transmitted by sexual contact (STD)
  • Diseases: Non-Gonococcal urethritis (NGU), Pyelonephritis, Postpartum fevers, systemic infections in immunocompromised patients.
  • Culture: 4 days long, Metabolizes Arginine
  • Treatment: Clindamycin
140
Q

Ureaplasma Urealyticum

Habitat

Pathogenesis

Diseases

Treatment

Culturing

A

Ureaplasma Urealyticum

  • Habitat: Genitourinary and Respiratory tract
  • Pathogenesis: transmitted by sexual contact (STD)
  • Diseases: Non-Gonococcal urethritis (NGU), Pyelonephritis, Spontaneous abortion, Premature birth
  • Culture: Urea containing media
  • Treatment: Erythromycin
141
Q

Chlamydia Genus

Chlamydia Psittaci

A

Chlamydia Psittaci

  • Zoonotic, Obligate Intracellular
  • Parrots/Birds to Human Pathogen:Walking Pneumoniae, Meningitis and Myocarditis
  • Macrolides as Treatment
142
Q

Chlamydia Genus

Chlamydophilla Pneumoniae

A

Chlamydophilla Pneumoniae

  • Grows intracellularly - Macrophages/Endothels/SMC
  • Called TWAR agent - Serotypes TW + AR
  • Obligate Human Pathogen:Walking Pneumoniae and Hoarseness
  • Macrolides as Treatment

S.N Microbiology (16 decks)

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