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Biology > B9-Respiration > Flashcards

B9-Respiration Flashcards

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1
Q

One reason why energy is needed.

A

-Build up large moelcules from smaller ones to make new cell material . By enzymes
-Break down larger moelcules into smaller ones
(amino acids chemically joined to mk porteins )/

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2
Q

Second reason why energy is meeded .

A

-In animals , energy from respration is transferred to make muscles contract .

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3
Q

Third reason why energy is needed ?

A
  • Mammals and birds maintain constant internal body temperatures regardless of surroudning temperatures .
  • Cold days , energy transferred from respriation keeps you warm ,, Hot days energy transferred to surroudnigns to keep you cool .
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4
Q

Fourth reason hwy energy is needed .

A
  • Respiartion needed in plants to mineral ions like nitrates form soil into root hiar cells ..
  • Also conver suagrs anitraed ainto amino acids , build up to make proteins .
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5
Q

The enrgy we need is supplied by a process called ? .

A

Cellular respiration .

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6
Q

What type of reaction is repsiration ?

A

Respiraiton is an exothermic reaction , as it releases neergy .
-Respiration continually takes palcei n all living cells .

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7
Q

There are two different types of respiration , what are they ?

A

Aeroibic and Anearobic respiration .

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8
Q

What happens in aerobic respiartion ?

A

The sugar glucose is reacted with oxygen gas .

This produces cabrondioxide and water and releases energy .

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9
Q

KEY FACT about aerobic respiration ?

A

Aerobic respiration releases a great deal of energy .

-That is because the glucose molecule has been fully oxidised .

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10
Q

Give the word and smbol equation of aeroibc respiration .

A

Check sheet,

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11
Q

What happens if there is not enough oxygen ?

A

Cells carry out anaerobic respiration .

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12
Q

Anaerobic respiration in muscles .

A
  • Muscles need great deal of energy for contraction ..
  • under certain conditions , the amount of oxygen is limite d .
  • when there is a shortage of oxygen , muscle cells respire anaerobically .
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13
Q

Anaerobic respiration in muscles (2).

A
  • During anaerobic respiration in muscles , glucose is converted into lactic acid ,
  • Anaerobic respiration does not require any oxygen .
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14
Q

Key fact abotu anaerobic repsiration ?

A
  • Anaerobic respiration releases much less energy han aerobic respiration .
  • That is because in anaerobic respiration , the oxidaiton of glucose is incomplete .
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15
Q

Give word equation for anaerobic repiration in muscles .

A

Check sheet .

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16
Q

What happens in anaerobic respiraiton in plant and yeast cells ?

A

-In this reaction , glucose is converted into ethnaol and carbondioxid . No oxygen is needed for this reaction .

17
Q

Yeast anaerobic respiration .

A

The reaction is really useful . Anaerobic respiration in yeast cells is called FERMENTATION .
-We use this reaction to make alcholic drinks like beer .

18
Q

What is the alchohol in these drnks .

A

Ethanol that is produced by fermentation .

19
Q

Another reason why reaction is useful .

A

Yeast is used to make bread .

  • Co2 produced by ferementation is useful
  • As it creates bubbles in the dough , allowing it to rise .
20
Q

When we are relaxing …

A

We don’t need a great deal of energy as we aren’t moving .

21
Q

First stage of what happens during exercise ?

A
  • During exercise , the body needs a great deal of energy for msucle contractin .
  • The body has to react to the increased deamnd for energy .
22
Q

Second stage of what happens during exercise ?

A
  • As the body needs more energy durign exercise , aerobic respiration increases .
  • Meaning body cells require more energy .
23
Q

Third stage of what happens during exercise ?

A
  • To rpovide this oxygen , both the breathning rate and the breathing colume increases (more frequent and deeper brething )
  • This gets mroe oxygen into the blood stream ,
24
Q

Fourth stage of what happens during exercise ?

A

-The heart rate also increases to pump the oxygenated blood around the body .
Glycogen stored in muscles cconverted back into flucose ot supply cells with fuels for increased cellualr respiration .
PRObLEM ;Soemtiimes not enough oxgen supplied to the muscle especially if we are exderciising hard .

25
Q

What happens if while during exercise

there is not enough oxygen ? Stage one

A
  • At this point , anaerobic repsiration now takes pclce in the muscles .
  • As during anaerobic respiration oxidation of glucose is incomplete leading to lactic acid .
  • During long period of activity , lactic acid causes the muscles o become ftigued .
26
Q

what happens if build of lactic acid part two

A

This causes the muscles to stop contracting efficently .

27
Q

What happens if build up of lacic acid ? Stage trhee .

A

At this point , the body has to remove the lactic acid form the msucles Creating a condition called OXYGEN DEBT .

28
Q

How is lactic acid removed out of the muscled .

A

By the blood .

-The lactic acid is then taken out to the liver and converted back to glucose in a serious of chemical reactions .

29
Q

what does removing lctic acid need.

A

Reacting which the accumualted lctic acid and removing it from the cels requires oxygen .
Thee oxygen debt , si the amount of extra oxygen needed after exercise to deal with the accumulated lactic acid .
-Which is why people continue to breahhe rapidly for sometime after finishing exercise .

30
Q

What is metabolism ?

A

Metabolism is the sum of allchemical reactio s in the body .

  • Glucose is an important chemical in metabolism
  • Glucose is also a strartin poin tin many new chemical s.
31
Q

Examples of metabolic reactions in plants .

A

-Gluose converted into starch for storage .
Glucose conevrted itno cellulose to stengthen plant cell wall .
-Glucose + Nitrate ions turned inrto amino acids dto syntheisise protiens .

32
Q

Metaolic reactions in humans ?

A

-Glucose is converted into gkycogen , glycogen is a storage form of glucose .
1 glycerol molevule nd 3 fatty acid molecules form a LIPID molecule , which is found in the cell membraine .

33
Q

Final metabloic reaction in humans .

A

Proetins - humans don;t need to eat a alrge amount of Protein .

  • Excess proteins are broekn down into the chemical urea .
  • Urea are then exreeted by the kidneys .
34
Q

Metabolic reaactions that the liver does .

A

-Detoxifying posionous substances such as ethanol from alcholic drinks .
-Passing the breakdown of products into the blood so they can be excreted in the urine via the kidneys .
-Breaking down old , worn out lood cells and stroing the iron until it needs to synthesis more blood cells .
lactic acid tranpsorted into liver converted back into glucose and the glucose then is completelybroekn down in aerobic respiration to form co2 and water
-If it is not needed glucose stored in the liver as glycogen until it is needed.

Biology (25 decks)

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