B9-Respiration Flashcards
One reason why energy is needed.
-Build up large moelcules from smaller ones to make new cell material . By enzymes
-Break down larger moelcules into smaller ones
(amino acids chemically joined to mk porteins )/
Second reason why energy is meeded .
-In animals , energy from respration is transferred to make muscles contract .
Third reason why energy is needed ?
- Mammals and birds maintain constant internal body temperatures regardless of surroudning temperatures .
- Cold days , energy transferred from respriation keeps you warm ,, Hot days energy transferred to surroudnigns to keep you cool .
Fourth reason hwy energy is needed .
- Respiartion needed in plants to mineral ions like nitrates form soil into root hiar cells ..
- Also conver suagrs anitraed ainto amino acids , build up to make proteins .
The enrgy we need is supplied by a process called ? .
Cellular respiration .
What type of reaction is repsiration ?
Respiraiton is an exothermic reaction , as it releases neergy .
-Respiration continually takes palcei n all living cells .
There are two different types of respiration , what are they ?
Aeroibic and Anearobic respiration .
What happens in aerobic respiartion ?
The sugar glucose is reacted with oxygen gas .
This produces cabrondioxide and water and releases energy .
KEY FACT about aerobic respiration ?
Aerobic respiration releases a great deal of energy .
-That is because the glucose molecule has been fully oxidised .
Give the word and smbol equation of aeroibc respiration .
Check sheet,
What happens if there is not enough oxygen ?
Cells carry out anaerobic respiration .
Anaerobic respiration in muscles .
- Muscles need great deal of energy for contraction ..
- under certain conditions , the amount of oxygen is limite d .
- when there is a shortage of oxygen , muscle cells respire anaerobically .
Anaerobic respiration in muscles (2).
- During anaerobic respiration in muscles , glucose is converted into lactic acid ,
- Anaerobic respiration does not require any oxygen .
Key fact abotu anaerobic repsiration ?
- Anaerobic respiration releases much less energy han aerobic respiration .
- That is because in anaerobic respiration , the oxidaiton of glucose is incomplete .
Give word equation for anaerobic repiration in muscles .
Check sheet .
What happens in anaerobic respiraiton in plant and yeast cells ?
-In this reaction , glucose is converted into ethnaol and carbondioxid . No oxygen is needed for this reaction .
Yeast anaerobic respiration .
The reaction is really useful . Anaerobic respiration in yeast cells is called FERMENTATION .
-We use this reaction to make alcholic drinks like beer .
What is the alchohol in these drnks .
Ethanol that is produced by fermentation .
Another reason why reaction is useful .
Yeast is used to make bread .
- Co2 produced by ferementation is useful
- As it creates bubbles in the dough , allowing it to rise .
When we are relaxing …
We don’t need a great deal of energy as we aren’t moving .
First stage of what happens during exercise ?
- During exercise , the body needs a great deal of energy for msucle contractin .
- The body has to react to the increased deamnd for energy .
Second stage of what happens during exercise ?
- As the body needs more energy durign exercise , aerobic respiration increases .
- Meaning body cells require more energy .
Third stage of what happens during exercise ?
- To rpovide this oxygen , both the breathning rate and the breathing colume increases (more frequent and deeper brething )
- This gets mroe oxygen into the blood stream ,
Fourth stage of what happens during exercise ?
-The heart rate also increases to pump the oxygenated blood around the body .
Glycogen stored in muscles cconverted back into flucose ot supply cells with fuels for increased cellualr respiration .
PRObLEM ;Soemtiimes not enough oxgen supplied to the muscle especially if we are exderciising hard .
What happens if while during exercise
there is not enough oxygen ? Stage one
- At this point , anaerobic repsiration now takes pclce in the muscles .
- As during anaerobic respiration oxidation of glucose is incomplete leading to lactic acid .
- During long period of activity , lactic acid causes the muscles o become ftigued .
what happens if build of lactic acid part two
This causes the muscles to stop contracting efficently .
What happens if build up of lacic acid ? Stage trhee .
At this point , the body has to remove the lactic acid form the msucles Creating a condition called OXYGEN DEBT .
How is lactic acid removed out of the muscled .
By the blood .
-The lactic acid is then taken out to the liver and converted back to glucose in a serious of chemical reactions .
what does removing lctic acid need.
Reacting which the accumualted lctic acid and removing it from the cels requires oxygen .
Thee oxygen debt , si the amount of extra oxygen needed after exercise to deal with the accumulated lactic acid .
-Which is why people continue to breahhe rapidly for sometime after finishing exercise .
What is metabolism ?
Metabolism is the sum of allchemical reactio s in the body .
- Glucose is an important chemical in metabolism
- Glucose is also a strartin poin tin many new chemical s.
Examples of metabolic reactions in plants .
-Gluose converted into starch for storage .
Glucose conevrted itno cellulose to stengthen plant cell wall .
-Glucose + Nitrate ions turned inrto amino acids dto syntheisise protiens .
Metaolic reactions in humans ?
-Glucose is converted into gkycogen , glycogen is a storage form of glucose .
1 glycerol molevule nd 3 fatty acid molecules form a LIPID molecule , which is found in the cell membraine .
Final metabloic reaction in humans .
Proetins - humans don;t need to eat a alrge amount of Protein .
- Excess proteins are broekn down into the chemical urea .
- Urea are then exreeted by the kidneys .
Metabolic reaactions that the liver does .
-Detoxifying posionous substances such as ethanol from alcholic drinks .
-Passing the breakdown of products into the blood so they can be excreted in the urine via the kidneys .
-Breaking down old , worn out lood cells and stroing the iron until it needs to synthesis more blood cells .
lactic acid tranpsorted into liver converted back into glucose and the glucose then is completelybroekn down in aerobic respiration to form co2 and water
-If it is not needed glucose stored in the liver as glycogen until it is needed.
