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Biology > B8- Photosynthesis > Flashcards

B8- Photosynthesis Flashcards

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1
Q

What do plants use as there source of energy ?

A

Light from the sun .

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2
Q

What is the reaction plants use to trap this light energy ?

A

Photosynthesis .

-Photosynthesis takes in energy , so it is an exmple of a n endothermic reaction .

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3
Q

Where does photosynthesis tke place ?

A

Photosynthesis takes place in the leaves of a plant . (palisade mesophyl)
-Leaves contain the green chemical chloropyll , chlorophyll can baosrb light energy .

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4
Q

What is the firsts tage of photosynthesis .

A

Carbondixoide is taken up by the plant into the leaf .

  • Light energy is then absorbed by the chlorophyll .
  • Ther energy is then used to convert co2 and water into the sgar glucose , this reaction also producs oxygen .
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5
Q

Write the symbol and word equation for photosynthesis .

A

Check sheet.

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6
Q

Check photosyntheis sheet, first graph , what does the first star show ?

A

When the light intensity is zero , the rate of photosyntheis sis zero . Plants need light to carry out photosynthesis

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7
Q

Check photosyntheis sheet, first graph , what does the second star show ?

A
  • As we increase the light intensity , the rate of photosynthesis increases
  • As the plnat has more light energy to carry out photosyntheisis reaction , so the reaction geets faster .
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8
Q

If we increase the liggt intensity and the rat eof photosynteiss increases , what does that show ?

A

It shows that light intensity is the LIMTING FACTOR ,. (pHontosytheiss was not as fast because there was not enough light ) .

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9
Q

Check photosyntheis sheet, first graph , what does the third star show .

A
  • If we keep increasung the light intesnity , there come sup a point where he rate of phtoosyntehsis no longer increases .
  • At this point light intensity is no longer the limiting factor . Something else is in short supply - co2 in the air .
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10
Q

Check photosynthesis sheet second graph , what does this show .

A
  • As we increase the carbondixoide leve , the rate of photosyntheiss increases .
  • This tells us co2 is the limtiing factor.
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11
Q

Check phtosynthesis sheet second graph . what does the first star show .

A

At a certain point , the rateof photosyntehsis no longer increases . Co2 is no longer a limtiing factor .

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12
Q

What is another think that affects the rate of photosyntheis s.

A

The amount of chlorphyll in the leaf , the less chlorophyl a leaf has (less green) , it can trapp less liht energy than leaves with more chorphyll , lowering the rate of photosyntheis .

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13
Q

Check last graph on photosynthesis shseet , what does the first star show .

A

Temperature also affectsthe rate of photosyntehsis .

As we increase the temperature , the enzymes involved in phtoosyntehsis work faster so rtae increases .

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14
Q

Check last graph on photosynthesis sheet , what does tthe second star show ?

A

-If we keep icnreasing the temperature , the enzymes will denature and the rate of photosyntheis falls .

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15
Q

What does th limting factors start one graph oone show ?

A
  • Initially the rtae of photosyntheies increases as we increase lihgt intensity .
  • This tells us light intensity is the ilmint factor at this point .
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16
Q

What odes limting factors graph 2 show ?

A

At a certain point , the rate of photosyntheiss stops increasing . Now light intensity is no longer the limtign facvtor something rlse is limiting factor .

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17
Q

What three other thins affect the rat eof phtosynthesi s.

A

-Co2 conc
-temperature
-amout of chlorphyll in leaves .
(can chanhe temp and con2 conc but not chlorphyll in leaves .

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18
Q

Limitng factor co2 graph , what does the graph sho .

A
  • The grpah shows the same experiment as graph 2 but with a higher cocnentraiton of co2 .
  • The normal co2 conc shows that at the levels of co2 increases , the rate of photosyntehis sncreases , telling us the conc oof co2 was a limiitn g factor .
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19
Q

What about the higher conc of co2 on the grapgh .

A
  • In the increased co2 conc , rate of photosyntesis hasn’t changes , co2 was no longer limiitng factor ..
  • As the high levels of co2 meant there was plenty of co2 available .
20
Q

Limiting factor , temp graph , what does the higher temperatrue show ?

A
  • At the higher temperature , the rate of photosyntheis has increased .
  • Telling us the that temp was the limting factor .
21
Q

What if we increase he temperature toomuch ?

A

-The enzymes in the lead start to denature and the rate of photosynthesis will fall .

22
Q

Why do farmers want to increase the rate of photosyntehsis ?

A
  • As this increases the yield of crop sthey produce .
  • To do this , the farmed add light and heat to their greenhosues , as well as extra co2 (they exploit the limiting factors of photosyntheis s).
23
Q

Problem with exploiting limiting actor in photosyhteis .

A

extra costs has to be justified by the increase in yield .

-So gardnerres use oil burners as there rlease heat and CO2 at the same time .

24
Q

What is the first stage for the Photosynthesis RQP ?

A

1.Start by taking a boiling tube and placing it ten cm away from an LED light source .

25
Q

Why is an LED light source used ?

A
  • As these do not release very much heat .

- Too much ehat woud change the temperature of the experiment .

26
Q

What to d if you used a normal light for the RQP ?

A

-We need to place a beaker of water between the light and boiling tube as the water is absorbed , heat produced from the light bulb .

27
Q

What is the second stage for the Photosynthesis RQP ?

A
  • Now we fill the boilign tube with soidum hydrogen carbonate solution .
  • Sodium hydrogen carbonate solution releases Co2 NEEDED FOR PHOTOSYNTHEIS .
28
Q

What is the third stage for the Photosynthesis RQP ?

A

-Put a piece of pondweed into the boing tube with the cut end at the top .

29
Q

What is the fourth stage for the Photosynthesis RQP ?

A

Leave this for five minutes , to acclimitaise to the conditions of the boiling tube .

30
Q

What is the fifth stage for the Photosynthesis RQP ?

A
  • We should start seeing bubbles of gas being produced from the cut end of the pondweed
  • This gas is oxygen that is produced by photosyntheiss .
31
Q

What is the sixth stage for the Photosynthesis RQP ?

A

NOw we start a stopwatch and count the number of bubbles produced in one minute .
-Then repeat two more times to calculate mean number of bubbles pordue in one minute .

32
Q

What is the seventh stage for the Photosynthesis RQP ?

A

Do this hwole epxeriemnt again from the start t 20cm , 30 cm and 40 cm .

33
Q

What is the porblem with counting the number of bubbles in the RQP ?

A
  • Number of bubbles can be too fast to count accurately .
  • The number of bubbles are not always the same size . A large bubble would cont the same as a small bubble .
  • WE CAN SOLVE THIS PROBLEM- by measuring the volume of oxygen produced instead of counting bubbles .
34
Q

What is the first stage of measuring the volume of oxygen ? RQP

A

-Place te pond weed under a funnel and catch the bubbles using measuring cylinder full of ater .

35
Q

What is the second stage of measuring the volue of oxygen RQP ?

A

Then se the measuring cylinder to measure the volume of oxygen gas porduced .

36
Q

RQP , What does the graph show ?

A

-If we plot the mean number of bubbles per minute . volume of oxygen per minute agaisnt the disance from the lamp of pondweed .

37
Q

RQP , what does the grpah show (2) ?

A

-If we double the disance than he number of bubbles per minute falls by four .
10-20 numbe rof bubbles fall by four .
20-40 , number of bubbles fall by four . Known as inverse square law

38
Q

What is the Inverse sqaure law ?

A

-If we double the distance , the light intensity falls by four times .
As we need light for phtosyntheiss , that also causes the number of oxygen bubbles to fall by four times .

39
Q

One use of photosynthesis form glucose ?

A
  • Release energy in respiration .

- Respiration takes place in the mitochondria .

40
Q

Second use of photosynthesis form glucose ?

A

-Photoysnthesis also producs gluose druing day not at night as there is no light .
-But plant cells respire all the time including at night .
Second use of gluscose is to produce the insoluble stroage molecule starch .
-The starch can then be converted back into glucose , by the plant when it is needed .

41
Q

Third use of photosynthesis form glucose ?

A
  • Some plants glucose produced by photsyngtehsis is converted into fuels and iols .
  • Fuels and oils are used by the plnt as a storage form of energy .
42
Q

Fourth use of photosynthesis form glucose ?

A
  • Pants are enclosed in a cell wall .
  • The cell wall cotains moelcule celluse which gives it strenghth .
  • The cellulose is made forom the glucose produced by phtosynthesis .
43
Q

Fifth use of photosynthesis form glucose ?

A
  • Glucose is produced by photosyntheis used to produce aminoa cids .
  • Amino acids are used by the plant to syntheissie proteins (peas are good soruce of peas ).
44
Q

How do plants make amino acids from glucose ?

A

-Planta absor nitrate ionss and other mienral ions from soil .
Algae do this by absorbing ions in waer around them .

45
Q

List some leaf adaptations ;

A
  • Broad leaves , giving them a big surface area for light to fall on .
  • Leaves thin , so diffusion distnces for gaseshsort .
  • Chloroplast has chlorphyl oto absorb light .
46
Q

More leaf adapations ?

A
  • eaves hae veins , whic bring them plent of water in the xylem to the clells of leaves and remove the products of photsyntehsis in the phloem .
  • Air spaces to allow co2 to get into cells and oyxgen to leave by diffusion .
  • Guard cells in stomata to regulate gas exchange

Biology (25 decks)

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