B9 -

Question 1

What is the lymphatic system

Answer 1

This is part of the immune system which helps to protect us from infection and keep a healthy balance of body fluids throughout the body

Question 2

What is the function of the LYMPH

Answer 2

• transports oxygen, hormones and nutrients to different parts of the body
• transports white blood cells to help defend against infection
• maintains fluid levels by removing waste products and fluid then returning it to the blood circulation
• transports fats absorbed by intestines

Question 3

What are the functions of the lymphatic vesssels?

Answer 3

• maintain fluid homeostasis
• maintain blood volume and blood pressure
• carried lymph that has leaked from blood vessel’s into the tissues and empties it back into the bloodstream via the lymph nodes

Question 4

What are lymph nodes?

Answer 4

A collection of tissues

Question 5

What is the function of the lymphatic organs?

Answer 5

Specialised tissues which help filter and circulate lymph fluid which carries immune cells and removes waste from tissues

Question 6

What tissues are involved in the lymphatic organs?

Answer 6

1. Tonsils
2. Spleen

Question 7

What are the functions of the lymphocytes (B and T cells)

Answer 7

These are white blood cells which are responsible for immunity

1. B-cells produce antibodies that attach to pathogens to destroy bacteria and viruses
2. T-cells find infected and abnormal cells and directly destroy pathogens

Lymphocytes can respond quickly to give us immunity

Question 8

What is the structure of the spleen?

Answer 8

The largest organ of the lymphatic system, lying on the left of the body, under the rib cage

Question 9

What are the functions of the spleen?

Answer 9

1. Filters the blood - destroying and recycling parts of the red blood cells and other cells
2. Stories blood (up to 350ml)
3. Stores red blood cells when the body needs more oxygen e.g. exercising, the spleen can release blood cells into your bloodstream

Question 10

What is Hodgkin’s disease?

Answer 10

A type of cancer that affects the lymphatic system

Question 11

Is there any treatment available for Hodgkin’s disease?

Answer 11

• chemotherapy
• chemotherapy followed by radiotherapy

Question 12

What are the causes of Hodgkin’s disease?

Answer 12

• age
• autoimmune conditions
• being male
• family history

Question 13

How can you be diagnosed with Hodgkin’s disease?

Answer 13

By carrying out a biopsy

Hodgkin’s biopsy - where a sample of affected lymph node tissue is removed and studied in labs

Question 14

What are the symptoms of Hodgkin’s disease?

Answer 14

• swelling in the neck, armpit and groin
• night sweats
• unintentional weight loss

Question 15

What is Leukaemia?

Answer 15

Cancers of the blood cells

Question 16

Is there any treatment available for Leukaemia?

Answer 16

• chemotherapy
• radiation therapy
• clinical trials
• bone marrow transplant

Question 17

What are the causes of Leukaemia?

Answer 17

• smoking
• family history
• environmental factors
• radiation

Question 18

How can individuals be diagnosed with Leukaemia?

Answer 18

• by a doctor completing a complete blood count (CBC)
• a bone marrow biopsy
• physical examination

Question 19

What are the symptoms of Leukaemia?

Answer 19

• fatigue
• frequent infections
• pale skin
• fever or chills