B4 - Structure, Function And Disorders Of The Skeletal System

Question 1

Why is the function of the skeletal system?

Answer 1

Movement: provides support for muscle attachment allowing bones to move

Protection: they protect vital organs such as the brain and lungs

Support: our skeleton supports our organs and keeps them in place

Production and storage: manufactures blood cells and stores things such as minerals

Question 2

What is osteoarthritis?

Answer 2

A degenerative joint disease

Question 3

What is the cause of osteoarthritis?

Answer 3

A breakdown of cartilage in the joints

Question 4

What are the symptoms of osteoarthritis?

Answer 4

• pain and impairment movement (especially in those who are elderly)
• occurs in knees, hips, back, hands and feet

Question 5

What is the cause of osteoporosis?

Answer 5

• Weakening bones which makes them more fragile and susceptible to fractures
• Long term lack of minerals , vitamin D, calcium
• Hormornal changes

Question 6

What is a symptom of osteoporosis?

Answer 6

Decreased bone intensity

Question 7

What is the cause of rickets?

Answer 7

Weak or soft bones which can cause stunned growth and deformation of the skeleton

Question 8

What are the symptoms of rickets?

Answer 8

• bowed legs
• curved spine

Question 9

What is a stable fracture?

Answer 9

Broken ends don’t move as they are forced together

Question 10

What is an unstable fracture?

Answer 10

Can move out of line and can cause damage to tissue, nerves and blood vessels

Question 11

What is an open fracture?

Answer 11

One end of the broken bone puncture the skin and can be seen

Question 12

What is a closed fracture?

Answer 12

The skin is not broken

Question 13

What is a direct fracture?

Answer 13

Occurs through direct external force

Question 14

What is an indirect fracture?

Answer 14

Away from the site of impact

Question 15

What is the fibrous joint?

Answer 15

The biens are held together by fibrous connective tissue that is rich in collagen fibres. No synovial cavity.

Question 16

What is the cartilaginous joint?

Answer 16

The bones are held together by cartilage. No synovial activity.

Question 17

What is the synovial joint?

Answer 17

The bones forming the joint have a synovial cavity and are unite by dense irregular connective tissue

Question 18

What is a ligament?

Answer 18

Fibrous connective tissue that connects bone to bone

Question 19

What is cartilage?

Answer 19

Strong flexible connective tissue that protects your joints and bones

Question 20

What is the structure of the synovial joint?

Answer 20

• space called synovial cavity
• the bones on either side are covered by cartilage
• capsule has 2 layers (an outer fibrous layer and the inner synvial membrane)
• synovial fluid is secreted inside the synovial membrane which reduces friction by lubricating the joint

Question 21

What are long bones?

Answer 21

Cylinder shape and they’re longer than they’re wide e,g, tibia and fibula

Question 22

What are short bones?

Answer 22

Equals length + width e.g. carpals and tarsals

Question 23

What are sesamoid bones?

Answer 23

Round like a sesame seed e.g. the patella

Question 24

What are flat bones?

Answer 24

Not flat, curved and thin e.g. the skull (cranial bone)

Question 25

What are irregular bones?

Answer 25

No specific shape e.g. vertebrate

Question 26

What are the 3 different types of joints?

Answer 26

1. Fibrous
2. Synovial
3. Cartilaginous

Question 27

What is the function of the synovial joint fluid?

Answer 27

Reduces friction by lubricating the joint which supplies nutrients and removes metabolic waste

Question 28

What is the benefit of the synovial joint warming up?

Answer 28

Stimulates the production and secretion of synovial fluid and so avoiding injury

Question 29

What are planar joints?

Answer 29

The articulating surfaces are flat or slightly curved e.g. intercarpole joints in the hands

Question 30

What are the ball and socket joints?

Answer 30

The end of the long bone has a round shape and the stable bone has an adjoining smooth socket to rotate with

Question 31

What are pivot joints?

Answer 31

The rounded/pointed surface of one bone articulated with a rung formed partly by another bone and partly by a ligament like in the wrist

Question 32

What are hinge joints?

Answer 32

The surface of one fibs into the concave surface of another like the knees, elbow and ankle

Question 33

What is abduction?

Answer 33

Movement of a joint from the midline

Question 34

What is adduction?

Answer 34

Movement of the bones towards the midline

Question 35

What is circumduction?

Answer 35

Movement if distal end of a body part in the circle

Question 36

What is gliding?

Answer 36

Consists of side to side and back and forth movements

Question 37

What are angular movements?

Answer 37

Increase and decrease in the angle between articulating movements includes flexion and extension