B4 - Structure, Function And Disorders Of The Skeletal System Flashcards
Why is the function of the skeletal system?
Movement: provides support for muscle attachment allowing bones to move
Protection: they protect vital organs such as the brain and lungs
Support: our skeleton supports our organs and keeps them in place
Production and storage: manufactures blood cells and stores things such as minerals
What is osteoarthritis?
A degenerative joint disease
What is the cause of osteoarthritis?
A breakdown of cartilage in the joints
What are the symptoms of osteoarthritis?
- pain and impairment movement (especially in those who are elderly)
- occurs in knees, hips, back, hands and feet
What is the cause of osteoporosis?
- Weakening bones which makes them more fragile and susceptible to fractures
- Long term lack of minerals , vitamin D, calcium
- Hormornal changes
What is a symptom of osteoporosis?
Decreased bone intensity
What is the cause of rickets?
Weak or soft bones which can cause stunned growth and deformation of the skeleton
What are the symptoms of rickets?
- bowed legs
- curved spine
What is a stable fracture?
Broken ends don’t move as they are forced together
What is an unstable fracture?
Can move out of line and can cause damage to tissue, nerves and blood vessels
What is an open fracture?
One end of the broken bone puncture the skin and can be seen
What is a closed fracture?
The skin is not broken
What is a direct fracture?
Occurs through direct external force
What is an indirect fracture?
Away from the site of impact
What is the fibrous joint?
The bones are held together by fibrous connective tissue that is rich in collagen fibres. No synovial cavity.
What is the cartilaginous joint?
The bones are held together by cartilage. No synovial cavity.
What is the synovial joint?
The bones forming the joint have a synovial cavity and are unite by dense irregular connective tissue
What is a ligament?
Fibrous connective tissue that connects bone to bone
What is cartilage?
Strong flexible connective tissue that protects your joints and bones
What is the structure of the synovial joint?
- space called synovial cavity
- the bones on either side are covered by cartilage
- capsule has 2 layers (an outer fibrous layer and the inner synovial membrane)
- synovial fluid is secreted inside the synovial membrane which reduces friction by lubricating the joint
What are long bones?
Cylinder shape and they’re longer than they’re wide e,g, tibia and fibula
What are short bones?
Equals length + width e.g. carpals and tarsals
What are sesamoid bones?
Round like a sesame seed e.g. the patella
What are flat bones?
Not flat, curved and thin e.g. the skull (cranial bone)
