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Unit 3 Anatomy & Physiology > B3 - The Respiratory Sytem > Flashcards

B3 - The Respiratory Sytem Flashcards

1
Q

What is inspiration?

A

Breathing in

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2
Q

What is expiration?

A

Breathing out

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3
Q

What is pulmonary ventilation?

A

Respiration and expiration of air from the atmosphere to the lungs and back again

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4
Q

What is external respiration?

A

The exchange of gases between air and lungs

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5
Q

What is internal respiration?

A

The exchange of gases between blood and cells

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6
Q

What is the 1st step of the inhalation process?

A

Air is inhaled through the nose and mouth and flows down the trachea

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7
Q

What is the 2nd step of the inhalation process?

A

The air is warmed up in the trachea and particles of dust and mucus are trapped by ciliated epithelium. This then divides into two which is called bronchus or bronchi (plural) then divides into two into smaller tubes called bronchioles

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8
Q

What is the 3rd step of the inhalation process?

A

At the ends of the bronchi are alveoli which allows oxygen to diffuse into blood vessels which combed the outside of the alveoli. This is where external respiration or ventilation takes place

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9
Q

What is the 4th step of the inhalation process?

A

The grape like structures of the alveoli gives a large surface area to allow maximum exchange of gases and oxygen diffuses into the blood system and then goes back to the heart to be circulate around the body. Carbon dioxide is exchanged from the blood circulation back into the alveoli and does a reverse journey through the respiratory system to be exhaled

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10
Q

What is the 5th step of the inhalation process?

A
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11
Q

What is the 6th step of the inhalation process?

A
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12
Q

What is the 7th step of the inhalation process?

A
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13
Q

What is the 8th step of the inhalation process?

A
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14
Q

What are the functions of the trachea?

A
  • the cartilage strengthens and supports
  • the ciliated epithelium traps mucus and dust (also happens in the lungs)
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15
Q

What are the functions of the bronchi?

A
  • cartilage/smooth muscles strengthen and support
  • ciliated epithelium (CE) traps mucus and dust (also happens in the nose)
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16
Q

What are the functions of the lungs?

A
  • space for the heart
  • diffusion of gases
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17
Q

What is the function of the bronchioles?

A

The CE traps dust and mucus

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18
Q

What is the function of the alveolar sacs?

A

This is where the diffusion of gases happens

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19
Q

What happens when the diaphragm moves down (breathing in)?

A

This increases the chest area for air to enter the lungs (caused by contraction of the diaphragm) then the intercostal muscles work together by contracting to pull the rib cage upwards

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20
Q

What happens when the diaphragm relaxes?

A

The chest space decreases which forces air out of the lungs. Then the intercostal muscles work together to pull the rib cage downwards

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21
Q

What are the 3 enzymes you need to know?

A
  1. Amylase
  2. Protease
  3. Lipases
22
Q

What enzyme are carbohydrates broken down by?

A

Amylase

23
Q

Where are the 3 places amylase is made?

A
  1. Salivary glands
  2. Pancreas
  3. Small intestine
24
Q

What do amylase produce?

A

Maltose

25
Q

What happens to the food after they are broken down into maltose?

A

Stored as glycogen or fat

26
Q

What are some examples of carbohydrates (starch foods)?

A
  • pasta
  • potatoes
  • rice
27
Q

What is the enzyme protein is broken down by?

A

Protease

28
Q

Where are 3 places protease is made?

A
  1. Stomach
  2. Pancreas
  3. Small intestine
29
Q

What do protease produce?

A

Amino acids

30
Q

What happens to the food after they are broken down as amino acids?

A

The liver converts excess amino acids into ammonia to be excreted as urea in urine (deamination)

31
Q

What are some examples of protein food?

A
  • nuts
  • meats
  • beans
32
Q

What is the enzyme fats (lipids) broken down into?

A

Lipases

33
Q

What are the 2 places Lipases are made?

A
  1. Pancreas
  2. Small intestine
34
Q

What are the 2 things Lipase produce?

A
  1. Fatty acids
  2. Glycerol
35
Q

What happens to the food after they are broken down into fatty acids and glycerol?

A

Excess fat is stored as lipids

36
Q

What is asthma?

A

A lung condition that causes breathing problems

37
Q

What are the causes of asthma?

A
  • unknown
  • allergies
38
Q

What are the symptoms of asthma?

A
  • wheezing
  • breathlessness
  • tight chess
  • coughing
39
Q

What are the long term effects of asthma?

A
  • fast heart beat
  • confusion
  • dizziness
  • fainting
40
Q

What is Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease?

A

A lung diseases causing restricted airflow

41
Q

What causes COPD?

A
  • smoking
  • air pollution
  • genetics
42
Q

What causes COPD?

A
  • smoking
  • air pollution
  • genetics
43
Q

What are the symptoms of COPD?

A
  • shortness of breath
  • persistent chesty cough
  • frequent chest infections
  • persistent wheezing
44
Q

What are the long term effects of COPD?

A
  • cough with phlegm
  • tiredness
  • less active
45
Q

What is pneumonia?

A

Inflammation of the lungs

46
Q

What causes pneumonia?

A
  • bacterial infection
  • viral infection
  • someone else that has it
47
Q

What are the symptoms of pneumonia?

A
  • coughing
  • high temperature
  • loss of appetite
48
Q

What are the long term effects of pneumonia?

A
  • shortness of breath
  • depression
  • weight loss
49
Q

What causes people to smoke?

A
  • peer pressure
  • stress
50
Q

What are the symptoms of the effects of smoking?

A
  • trouble concentrating
  • irritability
  • anxiety
  • weight gain
51
Q

What are the long term effects of smoking?

A
  • cancer
  • heart disease
  • diabetes
  • COPD

Unit 3 Anatomy & Physiology (17 decks)

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