B2 - The Cardiovascular System

Question 1

What are little blood vessels called and what takes place here?

Answer 1

Capillaries where gas exchange takes place

Question 2

Why are capillaries semi-permeable?

Answer 2

This allows oxygen, vitamins, minerals and water to be exchanged into the tissue to nourish the cells

Question 3

What passes out of the cells?

Answer 3

Carbon dioxide and water pass out of the cells to be excreted

Question 4

What is the process of the things that get passed out of cells?

Answer 4

Capillary exchange

Question 5

What decides how many capillaries supply an organ?

Answer 5

The metabolic activity in the tissue or organs decides this

Question 6

What does permeable mean?

Answer 6

Things that go through

Question 7

What are Erythrocytes?

Answer 7

Red blood cells

Question 8

What are leucocytes?

Answer 8

White blood cells

Question 9

What are the 3 elements of the blood?

Answer 9

1. Erythrocytes (red blood cells)
2. Leucocytes ( white blood cells)
3. Platelets

Question 10

What is the function of the erythrocytes

Answer 10

Carry oxygen

Question 11

Where are erythrocytes made?

Answer 11

In the bone marrow

Question 12

When do erythrocytes die?

Answer 12

After 4 months

Question 13

What is the function of the leukocytes?

Answer 13

Fight infection

Question 14

Where are leukocytes made?

Answer 14

In the bone marrow

Question 15

There is … white cell to every… red cells

Answer 15

There is ONE white cell to every 600 red cells

Question 16

What is the function of the platelets?

Answer 16

The help to clot the blood at wounds and to stop bleeding

Question 17

What is the liquid element of blood?

Answer 17

Plasma

Question 18

What are the 4 different cardiovascular disorders?

Answer 18

1. Coronary heart disease
2. Stroke
3. Hypertension
4. Anaemia

Question 19

What is coronary heart disease (CHD)?

Answer 19

The narrowing of the coronary arteries

Question 20

What causes CHD?

Answer 20

Hypertension - when fatty deposits called cholesterol accumulate on the artery walls or blood clots (thrombosis)

Question 21

What is the narrowing and hardening of the arteries called? (CHD)

Answer 21

Atherosclerosis (cannot dilate)

Question 22

What can CHD lead to?

Answer 22

1. Difficulty for blood to flow to the hearts
2. Heart attack (myocardial infarction)

Question 23

What is stroke?

Answer 23

This is where our blood supplied to our brains is distributed making parts of the brain die

Question 24

Why do strokes happen?

Answer 24

Because the blood is not reaching the brain

Question 25

What are the 2 different types of stroke?

Answer 25

1. Ischemic
2. Hemorrhagic

Question 26

What is an ischemic stroke caused by ?

Answer 26

A blocked artery

Question 27

What is a hemorrhagic stroke?

Answer 27

A burst vessel

Question 28

What is hypertension?

Answer 28

This is when the heart works overtime to get the job done

Question 29

What is hypertension caused by?

Answer 29

The arteries narrowing so the heart has to pump at a higher pressure

Question 30

What happens as a cause of hypertension?

Answer 30

Arteries become less elastic due to smoking, age and family history

Question 31

What are the 3 things hypertension can lead to?

Answer 31

1. Heart attack
2. Kidney failure
3. Stroke

Question 32

What is anaemia?

Answer 32

This is when you do not have enough red blood cells in your blood

Question 33

What happens as a cause of this?

Answer 33

Fewer red blood cells carry oxygen

Question 34

What are the symptoms of anaemia?

Answer 34

• tiredness
• pale skin
• weakness
• headache
• fast heart rate