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Unit 3 Anatomy & Physiology > B2 - The Cardiovascular System > Flashcards

B2 - The Cardiovascular System Flashcards

1
Q

What are little blood vessels called and what takes place here?

A

Capillaries where gas exchange takes place

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2
Q

Why are capillaries semi-permeable?

A

This allows oxygen, vitamins, minerals and water to be exchanged into the tissue to nourish the cells

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3
Q

What 2 things passes out of the cells?

A

Carbon dioxide and water pass out of the cells to be excreted

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4
Q

What is the process of the things that get passed out of cells?

A

Capillary exchange

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5
Q

What decides how many capillaries supply an organ?

A

The metabolic activity in the tissue or organs decides this

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6
Q

What does permeable mean?

A

Things that go through

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7
Q

What are Erythrocytes?

A

Red blood cells

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8
Q

What are leucocytes?

A

White blood cells

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9
Q

What are the 3 elements of the blood?

A
  1. Erythrocytes (red blood cells)
  2. Leucocytes ( white blood cells)
  3. Platelets
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10
Q

What is the function of the erythrocytes

A

Carry oxygen

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11
Q

Where are erythrocytes made?

A

In the bone marrow

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12
Q

When do erythrocytes die?

A

After 4 months

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13
Q

What is the function of the leukocytes?

A

Fight infection

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14
Q

Where are leukocytes made?

A

In the bone marrow

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15
Q

There is … white cell to every… red cells

A

There is ONE white cell to every 600 red cells

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16
Q

What is the function of the platelets?

A

The help to clot the blood at wounds and to stop bleeding

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17
Q

What is the liquid element of blood?

A

Plasma

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18
Q

What are the 4 different cardiovascular disorders?

A
  1. Coronary heart disease
  2. Stroke
  3. Hypertension
  4. Anaemia
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19
Q

What is coronary heart disease (CHD)?

A

The narrowing of the coronary arteries

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20
Q

What causes CHD?

A

Hypertension - when fatty deposits called cholesterol accumulate on the artery walls or blood clots (thrombosis)

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21
Q

What is the narrowing and hardening of the arteries called? (CHD)

A

Atherosclerosis (cannot dilate)

22
Q

What can CHD lead to?

A
  1. Difficulty for blood to flow to the hearts
  2. Heart attack (myocardial infarction)
23
Q

What is stroke?

A

This is where our blood supplied to our brains is distributed making parts of the brain die

24
Q

Why do strokes happen?

A

Because the blood is not reaching the brain

25
Q

What are the 2 different types of stroke?

A
  1. Ischemic
  2. Hemorrhagic
26
Q

What is an ischemic stroke caused by ?

A

A blocked artery

27
Q

What is a hemorrhagic stroke?

A

A burst vessel

28
Q

What is hypertension?

A

This is when the pressure in blood vessels is high

29
Q

What is hypertension caused by?

A

The arteries narrowing so the heart has to pump at a higher pressure

30
Q

What happens as a cause of hypertension?

A

Arteries become less elastic due to smoking, age and family history

31
Q

What are the 3 things hypertension can lead to?

A
  1. Heart attack
  2. Kidney failure
  3. Stroke
32
Q

What is anaemia?

A

This is when you do not have enough red blood cells in your blood

33
Q

What happens as a cause of Anaemia?

A

Fewer red blood cells carry oxygen

34
Q

What are the symptoms of anaemia?

A
  • tiredness
  • pale skin
  • weakness
  • headache
  • fast heart rate
35
Q

What is the cardiovascular system responsible for?

A

Transporting oxygenated blood around the body to the cells and collecting deoxygenated blood ready for excretion from the cells

36
Q

What are the 3 things the cardiovascular system consists of?

A
  1. Heart
  2. Blood
  3. Blood vessels
37
Q

What is the epicardium wall of the heart?

A

The external thin layer

38
Q

What is the myocardium wall of the heart?

A

The middle layer made of muscle that makes the heart contract

39
Q

What is the endocardium wall of the heart?

A

The inner layer which covers the values and tenons

40
Q

What is the function of the Aorta?

A

Carries oxygenated blood to the rest of the body

41
Q

What is the function of the left atrium?

A

Where oxygenated blood returns to from the lungs

42
Q

What is the function of the Right atrium?

A

Where deoxygenated blood returns

43
Q

What is the function of the left ventricle?

A

Where oxygenated blood leaves to the rest of the body

44
Q

What is the function of the right ventricle?

A

Where deoxygenated blood leaves to go to the lungs

45
Q

What is the blood pathways of the left atrium?

A

Lungs

Pulmonary vein

Left atrium

Mitral valve

Left ventricle

Aortic valve

Aorta

46
Q

What is the blood pathways of the right atrium?

A

Interior vena cava

Right atrium

Tricuspid valve

Right ventricle

Pulmonary valve

Pulmonary artery

Lungs

47
Q

How to remember the function of the arteries?

A

“A” = Away from the heart

48
Q

How to remember the function of the Veins?

A

Opposite of Arteries so away from the Heart

49
Q

What does pulmonary mean?

A

Anything to do with the Lungs

50
Q

What are the 3 functions of the veins?

A
  1. Transport deoxygenated blood TO the heart
  2. Prevent backflow of blood with their valves
  3. Divide into venules and then capillaries
51
Q

What are the 3 main structures of veins?

A
  1. Walls are thinner
  2. Valves to prevent backflow
  3. Lumen is thicker than arteries lumen
52
Q

What are the 5 functions of arteries?

A
  1. Carries oxygenated blood AWAY from the heart
  2. Divide into arterials then capillaries
  3. Thicker walls than veins
  4. Delivers blood to organs and tissues
  5. Has the ability to contract and expand under pressure which allows them to recoil after each heart beat

Unit 3 Anatomy & Physiology (17 decks)

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