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Unit 3 Anatomy & Physiology > A2 - Fuction, Structure And Location Of Tissues > Flashcards

A2 - Fuction, Structure And Location Of Tissues Flashcards

1
Q

What’s the structure of the cuboidal epithelial tissue

A
  • cube-shaped
  • spherical nuclei
  • short cells with similar thickness and width
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2
Q

Where can the cuboidal epithelial tissue be found?

A
  • kidney tubules
  • breast tissue
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3
Q

What is the function of the cuboidal epithelial tissues?

A
  • they cover several organs providing protection against damage and other chemicals
  • e.g. ovaries forms ovarian surface that replaces and repairs the damage caused by ovulation
  • excrete harmful by-products into urine in kidneys
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4
Q

what is the structure of columnar epithelial cells

A
  • taller
  • slightly oval nuclei
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5
Q

Where can the columnar epithelial cells be found?

A
  • inner lining of intestines
  • stomach
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6
Q

What is the function of columnar epithelial cells, give an example?

A
  • protects the cell
  • acts as a barrier against any bacteria that could be ingested
  • e.g. epithelium in stomach provides impermeable barrier against any bacteria that could be ingested
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7
Q

What is the structure of the squamous epithelial tissue?

A
  • very flat
  • each nucleus forming lump in the centre
  • width is greater than height
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8
Q

Where can the squamous epithelial tissue be found?

A
  • lungs
  • blood vessels
  • inner lining of mouth
  • skin
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9
Q

What are the functions of the squamous epithelial cell

A
  • allow easy movement across the membrane through the cell of small molecules
  • allow materials to pass through via diffusion and osmosis
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10
Q

What does squamous mean

A

Scaly and the flatness of the cells which fit closely together

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11
Q

What is diffusion?

A

The passage of molecules from a high concentration to a low concentration

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12
Q

What is osmosis?

A

The passage of water molecules from a high concentration to a low concentration through a semi-permeable membrane

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13
Q

What is the structure of the ciliated epithelial tissue?

A

have cilia which are tiny hair like structures on the surface of the cell

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14
Q

Where can the ciliated epithelial tissues be found?

A

In the lining of the respiratory tract

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15
Q

What is the function of the ciliated epithelial tissue?

A

to clear the respiratory tract where mucous and air are pushed up to the back of the throat where it can be swallowed

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16
Q

What is the structure of compound epithelial tissue?

A

It has several layers of cells

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17
Q

Where can the compound epithelial tissues be found?, give an example

A

Where the body is likely to wear and tear e.g. the skin

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18
Q

What is the function of the compound epithelial tissue?

A
  • to protect multiple layers of cells
  • to obstruct the passage of materials
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19
Q

What is the structure of keratinised compound epithelial tissue?

A

They have numerous layers of dead squamous cells

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20
Q

Where can the keratinised epithelial tissues be found?

A
  • skin
  • inside of mouth e.g. tongue
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21
Q

What are the functions of the keratinised epithelial tissue?

A
  • filled with keratin which is a protein that gives the tissue a waterproof outer layer which prevents microorganisms from entering
  • reduce evaporation
  • important where there is physical absorption
22
Q

What is the function of the simple epithelial tissues?

A

To
- protect cells
- secrete substances
- absorb substances

23
Q

What is the structure of the blood connective tissue

A
  • does not contain organelles
  • liquid part is made up of water, salts and proteins
  • solid part contains red blood cells, white blood cells and platelets
24
Q

Where can the blood connective tissue be found?

A
  • in blood vessels
  • blood vessels take blood to and from every part of our body
  • blood is pumped through blood vessels by your heart
25
Q

What are the functions of the blood connective tissue?

A
  • red blood cells carry oxygen from our lungs to the rest of our bodies then take carbon dioxide to our lungs to be exhaled
  • white blood cells are part of the immune system which destroy pathogens
26
Q

What is the structure of the cartilage connective tissue?

A
  • strong
  • flexible
27
Q

Where can the cartilage connective tissue be found?

A

Almost any place where two bones meet in your body

28
Q

What are the functions of the cartilage connective tissue?

A
  • absorbs force and reduces how much stress an impact has on your bones
  • helps bones slide past each other without rubbing together
29
Q

What is the structure of the bone connective tissue?

A

made up of a framework of protein called collagen with a mineral called calcium phosphate that makes the framework hard and strong

30
Q

Where can the bone connective tissue be found?

A
  • skull
  • spine
  • ribs
  • arms
  • legs
31
Q

What are the functions of the bone connective tissue?

A
  • protects the body’s internal organs
  • store necessary minerals when their levels are too high in our blood. Then bones will release minerals when our body needs them
32
Q

What is the structure of the areolar connective tissue?

A

Connects and surrounds different organs in the human body

33
Q

Where can the areolar connective tissue be found?

A
  • across the body
  • external openings
  • skin
34
Q

What are the functions of the areolar connective tissue?

A
  • provides support
  • protects organs, muscles and many other tissues
  • binds skin together
  • provides a protective framework
  • keeps major structures in place and offers support
35
Q

What is the structure of the adipose connective tissue?

A

A large lipid droplet surrounded by a thin rim of cytoplasm

36
Q

Where can the adipose connective tissue be found?

A
  • under the skin ( in between the internal organs)
  • in the inner cavities of bones (bone marrow)
37
Q

What are the functions of the adipose connective tissue?

A
  • produce certain hormones in response to signals from the rest of the organs throughout the body
  • regulates glucose and cholesterol
38
Q

What is the structure of the striated muscular tissue?

A

light and dark bands (stripes)

39
Q

Where can the striated muscle tissue be found?

A

In the hands and legs

40
Q

What are the functions of the striated muscle tissue?

A
  • voluntary so you control how and when they work
  • contracts when it receives nerve impulses from the central nervous system
41
Q

What is the structure of Non-Striated muscle

A
  • spindle-shaped
  • one central nucleus
42
Q

Where can the Non-striated muscle tissue be found?

A
  • iris
  • bladder
  • intestines
43
Q

What is the function of the Non-striated muscle tissue

A
  • involuntary
  • make up most of the muscles that are not under our will
    e.g. muscles in our gut which moves food from our stomach
44
Q

What is the structure of the cardiac muscle tissue?

A
  • striated
  • branched
  • may contain mitochondria
45
Q

Where can the cardiac muscle tissue be found?

A

Near the heart wall

46
Q

What are the functions of the cardiac muscle tissue?

A
  • not under conscious control
  • never tires
  • can contract without receiving nervous stimuli
47
Q

What is the structure of neurons?

A

three different parts:
* dendrites
* cell body
* axon

48
Q

Where can the neurone nervous tissues be found?

A
  • In CNS (brain and spinal cord)
  • PNS (all of the nerves that branch out from the brain and spinal cord)
49
Q

What is the function of the neurone nervous tissue?

A

They send and receive neurotransmitters (chemicals that carry information between brain cells) they then convert this to a nerve impulse and transmit it to other neurones, muscles and glands

50
Q

Where can the neuroglia nervous tissue found?

A
  • in the CNS
  • in the PNS
51
Q

What are the functions of the neuroglia nervous tissue?

A
  • delivers essential nutrients e.g. oxygen to neuron’s
  • destroys pathogens
  • maintain homeostasis within the neurons

Unit 3 Anatomy & Physiology (17 decks)

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