A2 - Fuction, Structure And Location Of Tissues Flashcards
What’s the structure of the cuboidal epithelial tissue
- cube-shaped
- spherical nuclei
- short cells with similar thickness and width
Where can the cuboidal epithelial tissue be found?
- kidney tubules
- breast tissue
What is the function of the cuboidal epithelial tissues?
- they cover several organs providing protection against damage and other chemicals
- e.g. ovaries forms ovarian surface that replaces and repairs the damage caused by ovulation
- excrete harmful by-products into urine in kidneys
what is the structure of columnar epithelial cells
- taller
- slightly oval nuclei
Where can the columnar epithelial cells be found?
- inner lining of intestines
- stomach
What is the function of columnar epithelial cells, give an example?
- protects the cell
- acts as a barrier against any bacteria that could be ingested
- e.g. epithelium in stomach provides impermeable barrier against any bacteria that could be ingested
What is the structure of the squamous epithelial tissue?
- very flat
- each nucleus forming lump in the centre
- width is greater than height
Where can the squamous epithelial tissue be found?
- lungs
- blood vessels
- inner lining of mouth
- skin
What are the functions of the squamous epithelial cell
- allow easy movement across the membrane through the cell of small molecules
- allow materials to pass through via diffusion and osmosis
What does squamous mean
Scaly and the flatness of the cells which fit closely together
What is diffusion?
The passage of molecules from a high concentration to a low concentration
What is osmosis?
The passage of water molecules from a high concentration to a low concentration through a semi-permeable membrane
What is the structure of the ciliated epithelial tissue?
have cilia which are tiny hair like structures on the surface of the cell
Where can the ciliated epithelial tissues be found?
In the lining of the respiratory tract
What is the function of the ciliated epithelial tissue?
to clear the respiratory tract where mucous and air are pushed up to the back of the throat where it can be swallowed
What is the structure of compound epithelial tissue?
It has several layers of cells
Where can the compound epithelial tissues be found?, give an example
Where the body is likely to wear and tear e.g. the skin
What is the function of the compound epithelial tissue?
- to protect multiple layers of cells
- to obstruct the passage of materials
What is the structure of keratinised compound epithelial tissue?
They have numerous layers of dead squamous cells
Where can the keratinised epithelial tissues be found?
- skin
- inside of mouth e.g. tongue
What are the functions of the keratinised epithelial tissue?
- filled with keratin which is a protein that gives the tissue a waterproof outer layer which prevents microorganisms from entering
- reduce evaporation
- important where there is physical absorption
What is the function of the simple epithelial tissues?
To
- protect cells
- secrete substances
- absorb substances
What is the structure of the blood connective tissue
- does not contain organelles
- liquid part is made up of water, salts and proteins
- solid part contains red blood cells, white blood cells and platelets
Where can the blood connective tissue be found?
- in blood vessels
- blood vessels take blood to and from every part of our body
- blood is pumped through blood vessels by your heart
What are the functions of the blood connective tissue?
- red blood cells carry oxygen from our lungs to the rest of our bodies then take carbon dioxide to our lungs to be exhaled
- white blood cells are part of the immune system which destroy pathogens
What is the structure of the cartilage connective tissue?
- strong
- flexible
Where can the cartilage connective tissue be found?
Almost any place where two bones meet in your body
What are the functions of the cartilage connective tissue?
- absorbs force and reduces how much stress an impact has on your bones
- helps bones slide past each other without rubbing together
What is the structure of the bone connective tissue?
made up of a framework of protein called collagen with a mineral called calcium phosphate that makes the framework hard and strong
Where can the bone connective tissue be found?
- skull
- spine
- ribs
- arms
- legs
What are the functions of the bone connective tissue?
- protects the body’s internal organs
- store necessary minerals when their levels are too high in our blood. Then bones will release minerals when our body needs them
What is the structure of the areolar connective tissue?
Connects and surrounds different organs in the human body
Where can the areolar connective tissue be found?
- across the body
- external openings
- skin
What are the functions of the areolar connective tissue?
- provides support
- protects organs, muscles and many other tissues
- binds skin together
- provides a protective framework
- keeps major structures in place and offers support
What is the structure of the adipose connective tissue?
A large lipid droplet surrounded by a thin rim of cytoplasm
Where can the adipose connective tissue be found?
- under the skin ( in between the internal organs)
- in the inner cavities of bones (bone marrow)
What are the functions of the adipose connective tissue?
- produce certain hormones in response to signals from the rest of the organs throughout the body
- regulates glucose and cholesterol
What is the structure of the striated muscular tissue?
light and dark bands (stripes)
Where can the striated muscle tissue be found?
In the hands and legs
What are the functions of the striated muscle tissue?
- voluntary so you control how and when they work
- contracts when it receives nerve impulses from the central nervous system
What is the structure of Non-Striated muscle
- spindle-shaped
- one central nucleus
Where can the Non-striated muscle tissue be found?
- iris
- bladder
- intestines
What is the function of the Non-striated muscle tissue
- involuntary
- make up most of the muscles that are not under our will
e.g. muscles in our gut which moves food from our stomach
What is the structure of the cardiac muscle tissue?
- striated
- branched
- may contain mitochondria
Where can the cardiac muscle tissue be found?
Near the heart wall
What are the functions of the cardiac muscle tissue?
- not under conscious control
- never tires
- can contract without receiving nervous stimuli
What is the structure of neurons?
three different parts:
* dendrites
* cell body
* axon
Where can the neurone nervous tissues be found?
- In CNS (brain and spinal cord)
- PNS (all of the nerves that branch out from the brain and spinal cord)
What is the function of the neurone nervous tissue?
They send and receive neurotransmitters (chemicals that carry information between brain cells) they then convert this to a nerve impulse and transmit it to other neurones, muscles and glands
Where can the neuroglia nervous tissue found?
- in the CNS
- in the PNS
What are the functions of the neuroglia nervous tissue?
- delivers essential nutrients e.g. oxygen to neuron’s
- destroys pathogens
- maintain homeostasis within the neurons
