B7 Spread of disease

Question 1

What is a communicable disease?

Answer 1

A disease that can be transmitted from one organism to another

Question 2

What is a pathogen?

Answer 2

A microorganism that causes disease

Question 3

4 types of pathogen

Answer 3

Virus
Bacteria
Fungi
Protist

Question 4

How do viruses work?

Answer 4

They live and produce rapidly inside cells

Question 5

How does bacteria work to spread disease?

Answer 5

They produce toxins

Question 6

How is the measles spread?

Answer 6

Via the inhalation of droplets

Question 7

How is HIV spread?

Answer 7

Exchange of bodily fluids

Question 8

How is TMV spread?

Answer 8

Via vectors, soil, direct contact

Question 9

How is rose black spot spread?

Answer 9

Via water and wind

Question 10

What type of pathogen is rose black spot?

Answer 10

Fungi

Question 11

Symptoms of rose black spot

Answer 11

Black spots on leaves
–>
reduces ability to photosynthesise

Question 12

How can you prevent rose black spot?

Answer 12

Fungicides
Burn affected leaves

Question 13

What type of pathogen is malaria?

Answer 13

Protist

Question 14

How is malaria spread?

Answer 14

Vectors (mosquitoes)

Question 15

Symptoms of malaria

Answer 15

Recurrent episodes of fever

Question 16

How can you prevent malaria?

Answer 16

Mosquito nets, vaccines

Question 17

How can you treat malaria?

Answer 17

Anti-malarial medicine

Question 18

Symptoms of salmonella

Answer 18

Fever, vomiting

Question 19

How is salmonella prevented?

Answer 19

The poultry is vaccinated against it

Question 20

What type of pathogen is gonorrhoea?

Answer 20

Bacteria

Question 21

Symptoms of gonorrhoea

Answer 21

Pain when urinating and thick yellow discharge

Question 22

How can you treat gonorrhoea

Answer 22

Antibiotics

Question 23

How can you prevent gonorrhoea

Answer 23

Barrier contraception

Question 24

Symptoms of HIV

Answer 24

Flu-like

Question 25

Symptoms of TMV

Answer 25

Mosaic pattern of discolouration on leaves

Question 26

What type of pathogen is TMV?

Answer 26

Virus

Question 27

Signs that a plant is diseased

Answer 27

Stunted growth, pests, discolouration

Question 28

What do yellow leaves on a plant suggest?

Answer 28

Magnesium deficiancy

Question 29

How can pathogens spread?

Answer 29

Via air, water, direct contact

Question 30

How can you control spread of communicable diseases (4)?

Answer 30

Good hygiene Isolating infected individuals Controlling vectors Vaccination

Question 31

How can the cause of a plant disease be identified?

Answer 31

Gardening manuals, lab tests, monoclonal antibody kits

Question 32

Physical defences of plants (3)

Answer 32

cellulose cell walls tough waxy cuticle bark on trees

Question 33

Chemical barriers on plants

Answer 33

antibacterial chemicals produced poison production

Question 34

Mechanical adaptations of plant defences

Answer 34

thorns (stop animals eating plants) some plants mimic being ill

Question 35

2 ways to culture bacteria

Answer 35

Nutrient broth Agar gel plate

Question 36

What are aphids?

Answer 36

Insects that suck sap from the stem of plants

Question 37

What do aphids result in?

Answer 37

Reduced growth rate Wilting Discolouration

Question 38

What other insect is used to control aphid infestations?

Answer 38

Ladybirds