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GCSE Biology > B7 Spread of disease > Flashcards

B7 Spread of disease Flashcards

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1
Q

What is a communicable disease?

A

A disease that can be transmitted from one organism to another

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2
Q

What is a pathogen?

A

A microorganism that causes disease

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3
Q

4 types of pathogen

A

Virus
Bacteria
Fungi
Protist

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4
Q

How do viruses work?

A

They live and produce rapidly inside cells

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5
Q

How does bacteria work to spread disease?

A

They produce toxins

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6
Q

How is the measles spread?

A

Via the inhalation of droplets

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7
Q

How is HIV spread?

A

Exchange of bodily fluids

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8
Q

How is TMV spread?

A

Via vectors, soil, direct contact

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9
Q

How is rose black spot spread?

A

Via water and wind

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10
Q

What type of pathogen is rose black spot?

A

Fungi

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11
Q

Symptoms of rose black spot

A

Black spots on leaves
–>
reduces ability to photosynthesise

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12
Q

How can you prevent rose black spot?

A

Fungicides
Burn affected leaves

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13
Q

What type of pathogen is malaria?

A

Protist

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14
Q

How is malaria spread?

A

Vectors (mosquitoes)

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15
Q

Symptoms of malaria

A

Recurrent episodes of fever

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16
Q

How can you prevent malaria?

A

Mosquito nets, vaccines

17
Q

How can you treat malaria?

A

Anti-malarial medicine

18
Q

Symptoms of salmonella

A

Fever, vomiting

19
Q

How is salmonella prevented?

A

The poultry is vaccinated against it

20
Q

What type of pathogen is gonorrhoea?

A

Bacteria

21
Q

Symptoms of gonorrhoea

A

Pain when urinating and thick yellow discharge

22
Q

How can you treat gonorrhoea

A

Antibiotics

23
Q

How can you prevent gonorrhoea

A

Barrier contraception

24
Q

Symptoms of HIV

A

Flu-like

25
Q

Symptoms of TMV

A

Mosaic pattern of discolouration on leaves

26
Q

What type of pathogen is TMV?

A

Virus

27
Q

Signs that a plant is diseased

A

Stunted growth, pests, discolouration

28
Q

What do yellow leaves on a plant suggest?

A

Magnesium deficiancy

29
Q

How can pathogens spread?

A

Via air, water, direct contact

30
Q

How can you control spread of communicable diseases (4)?

A

Good hygiene
Isolating infected individuals
Controlling vectors
Vaccination

31
Q

How can the cause of a plant disease be identified?

A

Gardening manuals, lab tests, monoclonal antibody kits

32
Q

Physical defences of plants (3)

A

cellulose cell walls
tough waxy cuticle
bark on trees

33
Q

Chemical barriers on plants

A

antibacterial chemicals produced
poison production

34
Q

Mechanical adaptations of plant defences

A

thorns (stop animals eating plants)
some plants mimic being ill

35
Q

2 ways to culture bacteria

A

Nutrient broth
Agar gel plate

36
Q

What are aphids?

A

Insects that suck sap from the stem of plants

37
Q

What do aphids result in?

A

Reduced growth rate
Wilting
Discolouration

38
Q

What other insect is used to control aphid infestations?

A

Ladybirds

GCSE Biology (20 decks)

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