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GCSE Biology > B13 Nervous system and homeostasis > Flashcards

B13 Nervous system and homeostasis Flashcards

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1
Q

Function of the nervous system

A

Enables humans to react to their surroundings and to coordinate their behaviour

Voluntary and involuntary reactions

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2
Q

Structure of the nervous system

A

CNS and Network of Nerves

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3
Q

What comprises the CNS?
(Central Nervous System)

A

Brain and spinal cord

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4
Q

How does the nervous system respond to stimuli?

A

Stimulus is detected by receptors

Information from receptors is passed along neurones to the CNS as electrical impulses

Coordinator- CNS coordinates the body’s response to the stimulus

Effector brings about a response via glands secreting hormones or muscles contracting

Body responds to the stimuluse

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5
Q

What are reflex actions?

A

Responses that do not involve the conscious part of the brain.

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6
Q

Give the pathway of a nervous response

A

Stimulus -> Receptor -> Coordinator -> Effector -> Response

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7
Q

Why are reflex actions important?

A

For survival to prevent damage to the body

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8
Q

What are neurones?

A

They carry electrical impulses around the body

Relay neurones connect sensory neurones to motor neurones

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9
Q

What are synapses?

A

Gaps between neurones, which allow electrical impulses in the nervous system to cross between neurones

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10
Q

How does a synapse work?

A

Impulse arrives at neurone

Chemicals are released in to the gap between the neurone

Chemicals attach to the next surface of the next neurone and set up to a new electrical impulse

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11
Q

Cerebral cortex

A

Outer layer of the brain

Important for consciousness, intelligence memory and language

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12
Q

Cerebellum

A

At the back of the brain

Coordinates muscle activity

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13
Q

Medulla oblongata

A

Above the spinal cord

Controls unconscious activities such as breathing and heart beating

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14
Q

Hypothalamus

A

The hypothalamus in the brain contains the temperature monitoring centre for the body.

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15
Q

Pituitary gland

A

The pituitary gland releases hormones in response to changes detected by the hypothalamus.

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16
Q

Why is it difficult to treat brain disorders?

A

Brain is very complex and delicate

17
Q

What is homeostasis?

A

Maintenance of a constant internal environment

18
Q

3 internal conditions controlled by homeostasis

A

Body Temp
Blood glucose concentration
Water levels

19
Q

3 things all control centres include

A

Receptors
Coordination centres
Effectors

20
Q

Cornea

A

lets light in and changes directions so light is focused on the retina

21
Q

iris

A

coloured part of eye
contains muscles that contract to change the size of pupil

lets more/less light in

22
Q

ciliary muscle

A

contracts and relaxes to change shape of lens

23
Q

retina

A

layer of receptors at the back of the eye

rods and cones

24
Q

optic nerve

A

nerve that connects eye to brain

25
Q

lens

A

sits behind pupil and focuses light on retina

26
Q

how do eyes focus on a NEAR object

A

ciliary muscles contract
so lens becomes thicker
and more curved
and refracts light rays more strongly

27
Q

how do eyes focus on a DISTANT object

A

ciliary muscles relax
so lens is thinner and flatter and only refracts light rays partially

28
Q

myopia

A

short sightedness

29
Q

Q
what type of lens is used to aid myopia

A

concave lens

30
Q

hyperopia

A

long sightedness

31
Q

what type of lens is used to aid hyperopia

A

convex lens

32
Q

How can eye defects be treated?

A

-spectacle lenses
-contact lenses
-laser surgery
-replacement lenses in the eye

33
Q

What is accommodation

A

The process of changing the shape of the lens to focus on objects

34
Q

What part of the brain controls body temperature

A

hypothalamus

35
Q

What happens if body temperature is too high?

A

Vasodilation
Sweat is produced
Hair on body lies flat

36
Q

What happens when body temperature is too low?

A

Vasoconstriction
Sweating stops
Shivering
Hair on body stands up

GCSE Biology (20 decks)

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