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GCSE Biology > B1 Cell biology > Flashcards

B1 Cell biology Flashcards

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1
Q

What are the two types of eukaryotic cells?

A

Animal and plant

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2
Q

What type of cell are bacteria?

A

Prokaryotic

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3
Q

Prokaryote

A

Cells without a nucleus

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4
Q

Eukaryote

A

Cells with a nucleus

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5
Q

Where is DNA found in eukaryotic cells?

A

Nucleus

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6
Q

Function of cell membrane

A

Controls movement of substances in and out of the cell

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7
Q

Function of mitochondria

A

Site of respiration to transfer energy for the cell

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8
Q

Function of chloroplasts

A

Contain chlorophyll to absorb light energy for photosynthesis

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9
Q

Function of nucleus

A

Contains DNA

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10
Q

Function of ribosomes

A

Site of protein synthesis

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11
Q

Function of cytoplasm

A

Where chemical reactions take place

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12
Q

Function of vacuole

A

Contains cell sap and keeps the cell turgid

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13
Q

Function of cell wall

A

Made of cellulose to strengthen the cell

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14
Q

What is the structure of the main genetic material in a prokaryotic cell?

A

Single loop of DNA // Plasmids

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15
Q

How are electron microscopes different to light microscopes?

A

Electron microscopes use beams of electrons instead of light

Electron microscopes cannot be used to view living samples

Electron microscopes are more expensive

Electron microscopes have a much higher magnification and resolution

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16
Q

Function of a red blood cell

A

carries oxygen around the body

17
Q

Adaptations of R.B.C

A

No nucleus so there’s more room for oxygen
Contains haemoglobin
Disc shape to increase SA: Volume ratio

18
Q

Function of a nerve cell

A

Carries electrical impulses around the body

19
Q

Adaptations of nerve cells

A

Branched endings
Myelin sheath insulates the axon

20
Q

Function of a sperm cell

A

Fertilises ovum (egg)

21
Q

Adaptations of a sperm cell

A

Tail so it can swim
Lots of mitochondria so it has energy to swim

22
Q

Function of a palisade cell

A

Carries out photosynthesis in a leaf

23
Q

Adaptations of a palisade cell

A

Lots of chloroplasts
Located at the surface of the leaf

24
Q

Function of a root hair cell

A

Absorbs minerals and water from the soil

25
Q

Adaptations of a root hair cell

A

Long projections
Lots of mitochondria

26
Q

Function of a muscle cell

A

Contract and relax to allow movement

27
Q

Adaptations of a muscle cell

A

Contains protein fibres, which can contract to make cells shorter

Contains lots of mitochondria

28
Q

Organelle

A

specialised until within a cell

29
Q

Cell

A

basic building block for all organisms

30
Q

Tissue

A

Group of cells working together to perform a shared function

31
Q

Organ

A

Structure made of different tissues working together to perform specific functions

32
Q

Organ system

A

Group of organs with related functions

GCSE Biology (20 decks)

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