B1 Cell biology

Question 1

What are the two types of eukaryotic cells?

Answer 1

Animal and plant

Question 2

What type of cell are bacteria?

Answer 2

Prokaryotic

Question 3

Prokaryote

Answer 3

Cells without a nucleus

Question 4

Eukaryote

Answer 4

Cells with a nucleus

Question 5

Where is DNA found in eukaryotic cells?

Answer 5

Nucleus

Question 6

Function of cell membrane

Answer 6

Controls movement of substances in and out of the cell

Question 7

Function of mitochondria

Answer 7

Site of respiration to transfer energy for the cell

Question 8

Function of chloroplasts

Answer 8

Contain chlorophyll to absorb light energy for photosynthesis

Question 9

Function of nucleus

Answer 9

Contains DNA

Question 10

Function of ribosomes

Answer 10

Site of protein synthesis

Question 11

Function of cytoplasm

Answer 11

Where chemical reactions take place

Question 12

Function of vacuole

Answer 12

Contains cell sap and keeps the cell turgid

Question 13

Function of cell wall

Answer 13

Made of cellulose to strengthen the cell

Question 14

What is the structure of the main genetic material in a prokaryotic cell?

Answer 14

Single loop of DNA // Plasmids

Question 15

How are electron microscopes different to light microscopes?

Answer 15

Electron microscopes use beams of electrons instead of light

Electron microscopes cannot be used to view living samples

Electron microscopes are more expensive

Electron microscopes have a much higher magnification and resolution

Question 16

Function of a red blood cell

Answer 16

carries oxygen around the body

Question 17

Adaptations of R.B.C

Answer 17

No nucleus so there’s more room for oxygen
Contains haemoglobin
Disc shape to increase SA: Volume ratio

Question 18

Function of a nerve cell

Answer 18

Carries electrical impulses around the body

Question 19

Adaptations of nerve cells

Answer 19

Branched endings
Myelin sheath insulates the axon

Question 20

Function of a sperm cell

Answer 20

Fertilises ovum (egg)

Question 21

Adaptations of a sperm cell

Answer 21

Tail so it can swim
Lots of mitochondria so it has energy to swim

Question 22

Function of a palisade cell

Answer 22

Carries out photosynthesis in a leaf

Question 23

Adaptations of a palisade cell

Answer 23

Lots of chloroplasts
Located at the surface of the leaf

Question 24

Function of a root hair cell

Answer 24

Absorbs minerals and water from the soil

Question 25

Adaptations of a root hair cell

Answer 25

Long projections
Lots of mitochondria

Question 26

Function of a muscle cell

Answer 26

Contract and relax to allow movement

Question 27

Adaptations of a muscle cell

Answer 27

Contains protein fibres, which can contract to make cells shorter

Contains lots of mitochondria

Question 28

Organelle

Answer 28

specialised until within a cell

Question 29

Cell

Answer 29

basic building block for all organisms

Question 30

Tissue

Answer 30

Group of cells working together to perform a shared function

Question 31

Organ

Answer 31

Structure made of different tissues working together to perform specific functions

Question 32

Organ system

Answer 32

Group of organs with related functions