B1 Cell biology Flashcards
What are the two types of eukaryotic cells?
Animal and plant
What type of cell are bacteria?
Prokaryotic
Prokaryote
Cells without a nucleus
Eukaryote
Cells with a nucleus
Where is DNA found in eukaryotic cells?
Nucleus
Function of cell membrane
Controls movement of substances in and out of the cell
Function of mitochondria
Site of respiration to transfer energy for the cell
Function of chloroplasts
Contain chlorophyll to absorb light energy for photosynthesis
Function of nucleus
Contains DNA
Function of ribosomes
Site of protein synthesis
Function of cytoplasm
Where chemical reactions take place
Function of vacuole
Contains cell sap and keeps the cell turgid
Function of cell wall
Made of cellulose to strengthen the cell
What is the structure of the main genetic material in a prokaryotic cell?
Single loop of DNA // Plasmids
How are electron microscopes different to light microscopes?
Electron microscopes use beams of electrons instead of light
Electron microscopes cannot be used to view living samples
Electron microscopes are more expensive
Electron microscopes have a much higher magnification and resolution
Function of a red blood cell
carries oxygen around the body
Adaptations of R.B.C
No nucleus so there’s more room for oxygen
Contains haemoglobin
Disc shape to increase SA: Volume ratio
Function of a nerve cell
Carries electrical impulses around the body
Adaptations of nerve cells
Branched endings
Myelin sheath insulates the axon
Function of a sperm cell
Fertilises ovum (egg)
Adaptations of a sperm cell
Tail so it can swim
Lots of mitochondria so it has energy to swim
Function of a palisade cell
Carries out photosynthesis in a leaf
Adaptations of a palisade cell
Lots of chloroplasts
Located at the surface of the leaf
Function of a root hair cell
Absorbs minerals and water from the soil
Adaptations of a root hair cell
Long projections
Lots of mitochondria
Function of a muscle cell
Contract and relax to allow movement
Adaptations of a muscle cell
Contains protein fibres, which can contract to make cells shorter
Contains lots of mitochondria
Organelle
specialised until within a cell
Cell
basic building block for all organisms
Tissue
Group of cells working together to perform a shared function
Organ
Structure made of different tissues working together to perform specific functions
Organ system
Group of organs with related functions