B4 Organisation in Animals Flashcards
What is the function of liver in digestions?
Produces bile which neutralises HCL and emulsifies fat
Function of saliva in digestion
Lubrication to help swallowing
Contains amylase to break down starch
3 enzymes produced in pancrease
Amylase
Protease
Lipase
Products of amylase
Amylase –> Simple Sugars
Products of Lipase
Lipase –> Fatty acids + glycerol
Products of protease
Protease –> Amino acids
4 Main components of blood
RBC
WBC
Platelets
Plasma
Function of Platelets
Form blood clots to prevent wounds from becoming infected
Function of R.B.C
Bind to oxygen and transport it around the body
Function of Plasma
Transports substances and blood cells around the body
Function of W.B.C
- Part of the immune system to defend body against pathogens
- Phagocytosis
How do W.B.C protect the body?
Engulfs pathogens
Produce antitoxins to neutralise toxins
Produce antibodies
Why is the human circulatory system a double circulatory system?
Blood passes through the heart twice for every circuit completed
Deoxygenated blood is pumped from the right side of the heart to the lungs
Oxygenated blood that returns is pumped from the left side of the heart to the body
Structure of an artery
Thick, muscular and elastic walls
Small lumen
Walls can stretch to withstand high pressure
Structure of a vein
Valves to stop the backflow of blood
Thin walls
Large lumen
Structure of a capillary
Walls one cell thick
Narrow lumen
How does the structure of an artery relate to its function?
Carries blood away from the heart under high pressure
How does the structure of a vein relate to its function?
Carries blood back to the heart so it doesn’t need thick elastic walls
How does the structure of a capillary relate to its function?
Carries blood to cells and tissues so it needs thin walls for a short diffusion distance
List the structures air passes through when breathing in
Mouth/nose –> Trachea –> Bronchi –> Bronchioles –> Alveoli
Which part of the heart brings deoxygenated blood back in to the heart?
Vena Cava
Which part of the heart pumps oxygenated blood around the body?
Aorta
Which part of the heart carries deoxygenated blood to the lungs?
Pulmonary artery
Which part of the heart brings oxygenated blood back from the lungs?
Pulmonary vein
Where is heart rate controlled?
By a group of cells in the right atrium that generate electrical impulses
Where are pacemakers placed in the heart?
Right atrium
