B4 Organisation in Animals

Question 1

What is the function of liver in digestions?

Answer 1

Produces bile which neutralises HCL and emulsifies fat

Question 2

Function of saliva in digestion

Answer 2

Lubrication to help swallowing
Contains amylase to break down starch

Question 3

3 enzymes produced in pancrease

Answer 3

Amylase
Protease
Lipase

Question 4

Products of amylase

Answer 4

Amylase –> Simple Sugars

Question 5

Products of Lipase

Answer 5

Lipase –> Fatty acids + glycerol

Question 6

Products of protease

Answer 6

Protease –> Amino acids

Question 7

4 Main components of blood

Answer 7

RBC
WBC
Platelets
Plasma

Question 8

Function of Platelets

Answer 8

Form blood clots to prevent wounds from becoming infected

Question 9

Function of R.B.C

Answer 9

Bind to oxygen and transport it around the body

Question 10

Function of Plasma

Answer 10

Transports substances and blood cells around the body

Question 11

Function of W.B.C

Answer 11

• Part of the immune system to defend body against pathogens
• Phagocytosis

Question 12

How do W.B.C protect the body?

Answer 12

Engulfs pathogens
Produce antitoxins to neutralise toxins
Produce antibodies

Question 13

Why is the human circulatory system a double circulatory system?

Answer 13

Blood passes through the heart twice for every circuit completed

Deoxygenated blood is pumped from the right side of the heart to the lungs

Oxygenated blood that returns is pumped from the left side of the heart to the body

Question 14

Structure of an artery

Answer 14

Thick, muscular and elastic walls

Small lumen

Walls can stretch to withstand high pressure

Question 15

Structure of a vein

Answer 15

Valves to stop the backflow of blood

Thin walls

Large lumen

Question 16

Structure of a capillary

Answer 16

Walls one cell thick
Narrow lumen

Question 17

How does the structure of an artery relate to its function?

Answer 17

Carries blood away from the heart under high pressure

Question 18

How does the structure of a vein relate to its function?

Answer 18

Carries blood back to the heart so it doesn’t need thick elastic walls

Question 19

How does the structure of a capillary relate to its function?

Answer 19

Carries blood to cells and tissues so it needs thin walls for a short diffusion distance

Question 20

List the structures air passes through when breathing in

Answer 20

Mouth/nose –> Trachea –> Bronchi –> Bronchioles –> Alveoli

Question 21

Which part of the heart brings deoxygenated blood back in to the heart?

Answer 21

Vena Cava

Question 22

Which part of the heart pumps oxygenated blood around the body?

Answer 22

Aorta

Question 23

Which part of the heart carries deoxygenated blood to the lungs?

Answer 23

Pulmonary artery

Question 24

Which part of the heart brings oxygenated blood back from the lungs?

Answer 24

Pulmonary vein

Question 25

Where is heart rate controlled?

Answer 25

By a group of cells in the right atrium that generate electrical impulses

Question 26

Where are pacemakers placed in the heart?

Answer 26

Right atrium