B16 Reproduction

Question 1

How many parents in sexual reproduction?

Answer 1

2

Question 2

How many parents in asexual reproduction?

Answer 2

1

Question 3

How do cells divide in sexual reproduction?

Answer 3

Meiosis

Question 4

How do cells divide in asexual reproduction?

Answer 4

Mitosis

Question 5

Offspring from sexual reproduction

Answer 5

Non identical
Genetically different to parents

Question 6

Offspring from asexual reproduction

Answer 6

Genetically identical to parents
(CLONES)

Question 7

Advantages of sexual reproduction

Answer 7

Produces variation

Offspring can adapt to environmental changes by natural selection

Question 8

Advantages of asexual reproduction

Answer 8

Only 1 parent needed
Time and energy efficient
Faster
Successful traits passed on

Question 9

Disadvantages of sexual reproduction

Answer 9

Slower
Finding a mate is more time consuming

Question 10

Disadvantages of asexual reproduction

Answer 10

Reduced genetic variation

May have a survival disadvantage if environment changes

Harmful mutations would be passed on

Question 11

What is meiosis?

Answer 11

Cell division that produces 4 daughter cells, each with a single set of chromosomes

Question 12

How many daughter cells are produced from meiosis?

Answer 12

4

Question 13

Gamete

Answer 13

Specialised sex cell formed by meiosis

Question 14

Chromosome

Answer 14

Long molecule found in the nucleus of cells made from DNA

Question 15

Gene

Answer 15

Part of a chromosome that codes for a specific protein

Question 16

Allele

Answer 16

Different forms of the same gene

e.g AA and aa

Question 17

Dominant allele

Answer 17

Allele only needs one copy to be expressed

Question 18

Recessive allele

Answer 18

Allele needs two copies to be expressed

Question 19

Homozygous

Answer 19

When an individual caries two copies of the same allele for a trait

Question 20

Heterozygous

Answer 20

When an individual carries two different alleles for the same trait

Question 21

Genotype

Answer 21

Combination if alleles an individual has

Question 22

Phenotype

Answer 22

Physical expression of the genotype - the characteristic shown

Question 23

What is the genome of an organism?

Answer 23

The entire genetic material of that organism

Question 24

What forms DNA?

Answer 24

DNA is a polymer made from 4 different nucleotides

Question 25

What is a nucleotide made from?

Answer 25

A phosphate
A sugar
Base A, C, G or T

Question 26

Name the complementary DNA base strands?

Answer 26

C = G
T = A

Question 27

How many bases are needed to code for one particular amino acid?

Answer 27

3

Question 28

What are the 2 stages of protein synthesis?

Answer 28

Translation
Transcription

Question 29

Transcription Protein Synthesis

Answer 29

The DNA code for a protein
remains in the nucleus
, during transcription but a copy, called mRNA, moves from the nucleus to the
ribosome where proteins are synthesized

Question 30

Translation Protein Synthesis

Answer 30

The mRNA leaves the nucleus and goes to the ribosomes.

Question 31

Polydactyly

Answer 31

Condition where one has extra fingers or toes

Dominant allele

Question 32

Cystic fibrosis

Answer 32

Disorder of cell membranes

Recessive allele

Question 33

Where in the cells are proteins made?

Answer 33

Ribosomes

Question 34

How many chromosomes do normal human body cells have?

Answer 34

46

Question 35

Female sex chromosomes

Answer 35

XX

Question 36

Male sex chromosomes

Answer 36

XY