B7-Non-communicable diseases

Question 1

What is a non-communicable disease?

Answer 1

A disease that can’t be passed from one individual to another

Question 2

Examples of non-communicable diseases

Answer 2

Coronary heart disease, diabetes, lung cancer, stroke

Question 3

Correlation

Answer 3

A link or relationship between two factors

Question 4

Causation/causal mechanism

Answer 4

A scientific explanation for how two factors influence each other

Question 5

Risk factor

Answer 5

A variable that can increase the likelihood of a disease

Question 6

Risk factors for non-communicable diseases

Answer 6

Smoking, obesity, genes, diet, exposure to ionising radiation

Question 7

Carcinogen

Answer 7

A chemical that can cause mutations in cell’s DNA, triggering tumours

Question 8

Ionising radiation

Answer 8

Radiation that can damage the cell’s DNA and trigger tumours eg. UV and X rays

Question 9

Cancer

Answer 9

A disease caused by an uncontrolled division of abnormal cells in the body

Question 10

Tumour

Answer 10

A mass of uncontrolled cell growth

Question 11

3 differences between Benign and Malignant tumour

Answer 11

Benign- treated with surgery, non invasive to other tissues, creates pressure on the organ
Malignant- hard to treat with surgery, invasive to other tissues, can split up and travel in bloodstream

Question 12

2 similarities of Benign and Malignant tumours

Answer 12

Made up of abnormal cells
Result of changes in the cell DNA

Question 13

3 Causes of cancer
2 Main ways to treat cancer

Answer 13

Genetic factors, cell mutations, viral infections
Radiotherapy, chemotherapy

Question 14

Tar

Answer 14

A brown sticky substance formed by condensed tobacco smoke

Question 15

Carbon monoxide

Answer 15

A poisonous gas that binds to haemoglobin, reduces capacity for oxygen

Question 16

Nicotine

Answer 16

An addictive drug, increases heart rate

Question 17

Health effects from obesity

Answer 17

Type II diabetes, stroke, arthritis, heart disease, high blood pressure

Question 18

How does a bad diet lead to coronary heart disease and stroke

Answer 18

Bad diet; fatty deposits in arteries; narrower; less blood flow; less oxygen and glucose; less respiration; less energy; less contractions; stroke

Question 19

Ways exercise helps health

Answer 19

Reduces fatty deposits in arteries, lowers risk of cardiovascular disease, reduces risk of arthritis and diabetes

Question 20

3 Short and Long term effects of alcohol

Answer 20

Short- blurred vision, vomiting, lack of co-ordination
Long- liver cirrhosis, depression, brain damage

Question 21

7 health issues from smoking

Answer 21

Cancer, smoker’s cough, bronchitis, stroke, premature/stunted babies, emphysema, chd

Question 22

*How smoking causes cancer

Answer 22

Tar contains carcinogens that disrupt DNA and trigger formation of tumours

Question 23

*How smoking causes Coronary heart disease

Answer 23

Damages lining of arteries, builds up fatty material, leads to chd

Question 24

*How smoking causes heart attack/stroke

Answer 24

Blood is more likely to clot, increasing risk

Question 25

*How smoking causes bronchitis

Answer 25

Tar damages cilia, that line the trachea

Question 26

*How smoking causes emphysema

Answer 26

Tobacco damages air sacs in lungs so lung function decreases

Question 27

*How smoking causes smoker’s cough

Answer 27

Cough to remove mucus build up due to damaged cilia

Question 28

*How smoking causes stunted growth and premature babies

Answer 28

Oxygen shortage in developing foetus results in lack of respiration and energy

Question 29

How alcohol affects unborn babies

Answer 29

Alcohol is passed through the placenta and the baby can’t cope. Causes miscarriages, stillbirths and facial deformities