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Biology > B3-Organisation and the digestive system > Flashcards

B3-Organisation and the digestive system Flashcards

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1
Q

Proteins
Made up of?
Needed for?
Found in?

A

Amino acids
Growth and repair
Meat, eggs, nuts

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2
Q

Lipids
Made up of?
Needed for?
Found in?

A

Glycerol and fatty acids
Long term energy, growth
Butter, oily fish, nuts

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3
Q

Carbohydrates
Made up of?
Needed for?
Found in, starch, sugar?

A

Sugars like glucose
Quick or slow release energy
Starch- rice, bread, pasta
Sugar-fruit, chocolate

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4
Q

Food test for protein?
Negative result?
Positive result?

A

Biuret solution
Blue
Purple

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5
Q

Food test for lipids?
Negative result?
Positive result?

A

Ethanol
Clear liquid
Cloudy white layer on top

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6
Q

Food test for carbohydrate, starch?
Negative result?
Positive result?

A

Iodine solution
Yellow/orange
Dark blue/black

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7
Q

Food test for carbohydrate, sugar?
Negative result?
Positive result?

A

Benedicts solution and heat
Blue
Green or brick red

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8
Q

Catalyst

A

Speeds up chemical reactions without being used up itself

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9
Q

Metabolism

A

Sum of all reactions in a cell or the body

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10
Q

Enzyme definition

A

A biological catalyst that speeds up chemical reactions without being used up, protein

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11
Q

Describe the lock and key model

A

Substrate comes to enzyme, enzyme-substrate complex
Reaction, products released

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12
Q

Cell definition

A

The basic building block of all living organisms

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13
Q

Organelle definition

A

A specialised unit within a cell that performs a function

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14
Q

Tissue definition

A

A group of cells working together to perform a shared function

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15
Q

Organ definition

A

Different tissues working together to perform similar functions

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16
Q

Organ system

A

A group of organs with related functions working together

17
Q

Levels of organisation
Organ, cell etc

A

Organelle-cell-tissue-organ-organ system

18
Q

Epithelial tissue

A

Covers the inside and outside of the stomach to protect from acidity

19
Q

Glandular tissue

A

Secretes digestive enzymes to break down the food

20
Q

Muscular tissue in stomach

A

Churn food and digestive juices together by contracting

21
Q

Denatured meaning

A

When the active site of the enzyme is no longer complementary to the substrate

22
Q

Factors that affect enzymes

A

pH, temperature, substrate concentration

23
Q

Digestion definition

A

Breakdown of large insoluble food molecules into small, soluble to be absorbed into the bloodstream

24
Q

Calculating rate of reaction equation

A

Rate of reaction= quantity of product (g)
/ time taken (s)

25
Q

Temperature rate of reaction graph

A

At first it increases, ↑temp ↑KE ↑Successful collisions
(40 degrees roughly) enzymes become denatured
Then decreases as enzymes stop working

26
Q

pH rate of reaction graph

A

Low rate of reaction, denatured enzymes
Fastest rate, optimum
Low rate of reaction, denatured enzymes

27
Q

Substrate conc rate of reaction graph

A

More substrate than active sites filled
Once all sites taken, no more binding, point of saturation, same rate

28
Q

Amylase
Breaks down?
Found in?

A

Starch to simple sugars
Saliva, small intestine, pancreas

29
Q

Protease
Breaks down?
Found in?

A

Protein to amino acids
Stomach, small intestine, pancreas

30
Q

Lipase
Breaks down?
Found in?

A

Fats to glycerol and fatty acids
Small intestine, pancreas

31
Q

What enzyme is in the stomach and how is the stomach suited for it?

A

Protease best in acidic conditions, stomach produces hydrochloric acid, low pH

32
Q

What enzymes are found in the pancreas and taken to small intestine?How suited?

A

Amylase, lipase work best in alkaline conditions
Bile neutralises stomach acid

33
Q

Bile
Produced, stored?
2 jobs?

A

Produced by liver, stored in gallbladder
Neutralises stomach acid in small intestine
Emulsifies fats to improve sa for lipase

Biology (13 decks)

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