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Biology > B3-Organisation and the digestive system > Flashcards

B3-Organisation and the digestive system Flashcards

1
Q

Cell definition

A

The basic building block of all living organisms

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2
Q

Organelle definition

A

A specialised unit within a cell that performs a function

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3
Q

Tissue definition

A

A group of cells with similar structure working together

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4
Q

Organ definition

A

Different tissues working together to perform a specific function

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5
Q

Organ system

A

A group of organs with related functions working together

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6
Q

Levels of organisation
Organ, cell etc

A

Organelle-cell-tissue-organ-organ system-organism

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7
Q

Epithelial tissue

A

Covers the inside and outside of the stomach to protect from acidity

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8
Q

Glandular tissue

A

Secretes digestive enzymes to break down the food

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9
Q

Muscular tissue in stomach

A

Churn food and digestive juices together by contracting

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10
Q

Digestion definition

A

Breakdown of large insoluble food molecules into small, soluble to be absorbed into the bloodstream

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11
Q

Proteins
Made up of?
Needed for?
Found in?

A

Amino acids
Growth and repair
Meat, eggs, nuts

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12
Q

Lipids
Made up of?
Needed for?
Found in?

A

Glycerol and fatty acids
Long term energy, growth
Butter, oily fish, nuts

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13
Q

Carbohydrates
Made up of?
Needed for?
Found in, starch, sugar?

A

Sugars like glucose
Quick or slow release energy
Starch- rice, bread, pasta
Sugar-fruit, chocolate

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14
Q

Food test for protein?
Negative result?
Positive result?

A

Biuret solution
Blue
Purple

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15
Q

Food test for lipids?
Negative result?
Positive result?

A

Ethanol
Clear liquid
Cloudy white layer on top

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16
Q

Food test for carbohydrate, starch?
Negative result?
Positive result?

A

Iodine solution
Yellow/orange
Dark blue/black

17
Q

Food test for carbohydrate, sugar?
Negative result?
Positive result?

A

Benedicts solution and heat
Blue
Green or brick red

18
Q

Catalyst

A

Speeds up chemical reactions without being used up itself

19
Q

Metabolism

A

Sum of all reactions in a cell or the body

20
Q

Enzyme definition

A

A biological protein catalyst that speeds up chemical reactions without being used up

21
Q

Describe the lock and key model

A

Substrate binds to enzyme as substrate is complementary to active site of enzyme, forms enzyme-substrate complex. Reaction, products released

22
Q

Denatured meaning

A

When the active site of the enzyme is no longer complementary to the substrate

23
Q

Factors that affect enzymes

A

pH, temperature, substrate concentration

24
Q

Calculating rate of reaction equation

A

Rate of reaction= quantity of product (g)
/ time taken (s)

25
Q

Temperature rate of reaction graph

A

Increases at first, ↑temp ↑KE ↑successful collisions, reaches optimum, then 40 degrees roughly enzymes become denatured. Then decreases as enzymes stop working

26
Q

pH rate of reaction graph

A

Low rate of reaction, denatured enzymes
Fastest rate, optimum
Low rate of reaction, denatured enzymes

27
Q

Substrate conc rate of reaction graph

A

More substrate than active sites filled
Once all sites taken, no more binding, point of saturation, same rate

28
Q

Amylase
Breaks down?
Found in?

A

Starch to simple sugars
Saliva, small intestine, pancreas

29
Q

Protease
Breaks down?
Found in?

A

Protein to amino acids
Stomach, small intestine, pancreas

30
Q

Lipase
Breaks down?
Found in?

A

Fats to glycerol and fatty acids
Small intestine, pancreas

31
Q

Method for the effect of temp on the rate of reaction of amylase?

A

Add 2cm3 of starch to a test tube, label S. Add 2cm3 of amylase to a test tube, label A.
Repeat, so you have 4 test tubes.
Place one of S and A in a water bath at 37° for 10 mins
Use spotting tile, place drop of iodine in each space
Meanwhile, put room temp tube A into tube B. Start stop clock while adding one drop to first space on spotting tile. It will turn black.
Every 30s add another drop to next space until it remains orange.
Repeat with test tubes from water bath.

32
Q

What enzyme is in the stomach and how is the stomach suited for it?

A

Protease best in acidic conditions, stomach produces hydrochloric acid, low pH

33
Q

What enzymes are found in the pancreas and taken to small intestine?How suited?

A

Amylase, lipase work best in alkaline conditions
Bile neutralises stomach acid

34
Q

Bile
Produced, stored?
2 jobs?

A

Produced by liver, stored in gallbladder
Neutralises stomach acid in small intestine
Emulsifies fats to improve sa for lipase

Biology (15 decks)

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