B16- Adaptations, interdependence and competition

Question 1

Ecosystem def?

Answer 1

Interaction between abiotic and biotic features in an environment

Question 2

Stable community def?

Answer 2

A balanced community where the populations remain fairly constant

Question 3

Interdependence def?
2 examples?

Answer 3

When a species depends on other factors for survival
Plants need sunlight and soil
Plants need bees for pollination

Question 4

Community def?

Answer 4

Different species living together

Question 5

5 abiotic factors that can affect communities

Answer 5

Light intensity
Temperature
Soil pH
Wind intensity
Carbon dioxide levels

Question 6

3 biotic factors that can affect communities

Answer 6

Availability of food
New pathogens
New competitors

Question 7

What is a quadrat?
What is a transect?

Answer 7

A sample area or a square frame to find the sample area
A line which can be used to investigate the changes along it

Question 8

How to investigate the abundance and distribution of species?
(random sampling)

Answer 8

-Split up a field in a grid
-Use a random number generator to determine the coordinates of the sample
-Place quadrat on the coordinate and count number of species inside
-Repeat this until you have 15 measurements
-Calculate the mean

Question 9

How to investigate the abundance and distribution of species?
(transect line)

Answer 9

-Measure a line where changes occur across a field w a measuring tape
-Divide the distance by 15 to create 15 equally spaced intervals along the transect
-Place the quadrat at each interval and count the number of species inside
-Assess for patterns

Question 10

3 things animals compete for

Answer 10

Food
Territory
Mates

Question 11

4 things plants compete for

Answer 11

Light
Water
Nutrients
Space

Question 12

What helps an organism to compete?

Answer 12

Adaptations that are specific to their needs

Question 13

Extremophiles def?

Answer 13

Organisms that are adapted to live in environments with extreme conditions

Question 14

Adaptations in animals fall under which 3 categories? and example?

Answer 14

Structural- fur coat and blubber for warmth
Behavioural- migration to better climates
Functional- producing concentrated urine in hot climates

Question 15

Adaptations in plants fall under which 3 categories? and example?

Answer 15

Structural- spikes to prevent being eaten
Behavioural- growing towards light
Functional- poison to deter predators