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Biology > B1- Cell structure and transport > Flashcards

B1- Cell structure and transport Flashcards

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1
Q

Magnification

A

How large an object will appear compared to it’s actual size

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2
Q

Resolution

A

The smallest distance that two objects can be seen as apart

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3
Q

Image size equation

A

Image size= actual size x magnification

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4
Q

Light microscope
Developed?
Uses what?
Magnification?
Expense?

A

-Developed first
-Uses a beam of light
-X2000
-Cheaper

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5
Q

Electron microscope
Developed?
Uses what?
Magnification?
Expense?

A

-Developed later
-Uses beam of electrons
-X2000000
-Expensive, hard to care for

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6
Q

How to use a microscope

A

Drop of water on slide, flat slice of onion, drops of iodine, dab excess. Lower coverslip with mounted needle. Coarse focus then fine focus.

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7
Q

Sub cellular structures in animals and plant cells

A

Animal- nucleus, cell membrane, cytoplasm, mitochondria, ribosome
Plant- nucleus, cell membrane, cytoplasm, mitochondria, ribosome, cell wall, vacuole, chloroplast

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8
Q

Examples of eukaryotes and prokaryotes cells?

A

Prokaryotes- bacteria
Eukaryotes- animal, plant, fungi

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9
Q

Prokaryotes feautures

A

No nucleus, No mitochondria, Circular DNA loop, smaller, uni-cellular

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10
Q

Eukaryotes features

A

Has nucleus, mitochondria, DNA in nucleus, larger, uni or multi cellular

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11
Q

Similar features of eukaryotes and prokaryotes

A

Contain DNA, ribosomes, cytoplasm, cell membrane

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12
Q

How to calculate orders of magnitude

A

If bigger number divided by smaller number is close to 10=1 order, close to 100=2 orders

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13
Q

Specialised cell definition

A

Cell that has an adapted structure to perform a specific function

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14
Q

Red blood cell
Adaptations and Functions

A

No nucleus, biconcave, contains haemoglobin
Collect oxygen from lungs and carry around body

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15
Q

Egg cell
Adaptations and Functions

A

Has nucleus, round shape, mitochondria
To be fertilised and develop into foetus

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16
Q

Sperm cell
Adaptations and Functions

A

Streamline shape, flagellum, mitochondria, nucleus
To fertilise egg

17
Q

Nerve cell
Adaptations and Functions

A

Long thin axon, millions of nerve endings, mitochondria
Send and receive electrical messages

18
Q

Root hair cell
Adaptations and Functions

A

Large epidermal extension, lots of mitochondria
Absorb water, take in minerals

19
Q

Xylem
Adaptations and Functions

A

Thickened walls, hollow tube, dead cells, lignin walls
Carry water, dissolved minerals from roots to leaves

20
Q

Phloem
Adaptations and Functions

A

Living cells, sieve plates, no end walls
Carry dissolved sugars and amino acids around

21
Q

Striated muscle cell
Adaptations and Functions

A

Long thin shape when relaxed but short fat when tight
Control movements in the body, contract & relax

22
Q

Diffusion definition
How long does it occur?

A

Movement of particles from an area of high conc to area of low conc
Move until equilibrium

23
Q

4 Factors that affect the rate of diffusion

A

Temperature, distance, surface area, conc gradient

24
Q

SA:Volume ratio in different sized animals

A

Large animal-small ratio
Small animal-large ratio

25
Q

Examples of diffusion
2 human, 1 plant

A

Food molecules-Small intestine to blood
Oxygen-Alveoli to blood
Water-Soil to plant roots

26
Q

Osmosis definition

A

Diffusion of water from a dilute solution to a concentrated solution through a partially permeable membrane

27
Q

Partially permeable membrane

A

A membrane with small holes to only let through water

28
Q

What happens when an animal cell is placed in a hypertonic solution?

A

-High conc of water, low conc of solute inside cell
-Water moves out of cell
-Cell shrivells

29
Q

What happens when an animal cell is placed in a isotonic solution?

A

-Same conc of water and solute inside cell
-No movement of water
-Cell unchanged

30
Q

What happens when an animal cell is placed in a hypotonic solution?

A

-High conc of water, low conc of solute outside cell
-Water moves into cell
-Cell swells and bursts

31
Q

Plasmolysis

A

The loss of water from a plant cell by osmosis

32
Q

Turgor

A

The pressure against the cell wall, when a cell contains lots of water

33
Q

What state will a plant cell be in a hypertonic, isotonic and hypotonic solution?

A

Hypertonic-plasmolysed
Isotonic- flaccid
Hypotonic-turgid (normal)

34
Q

Active transport

A

Movement of substances from a dilute solution to a more concentrated solution using energy

35
Q

Examples of active transport in plants and animals

A

Plants- Root hair cell, ions in soil to the cell
Animals- Human gut, glucose from intestine to blood

Biology (13 decks)

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