B5.2

Question 1

what is natural selection

Answer 1

‘survival of the fittest’. it is a process by which a species changes over time in response to the changes in the environment or competition between organisms, in order for the species to survive

Question 2

what did Lamark suggest new species came from

Answer 2

worms - he used a giraffes neck to support this

Question 3

what did Charles Darwin suggest

Answer 3

only the fittest will survive

Question 4

what does ‘suvival of the fittest’ mean

Answer 4

when offspring are produced only the best dapted with the best genes will survive

Question 5

where do new forms of genes come from

Answer 5

mutations

Question 6

why did some people disagree with Darwin’s theory on natural selection

Answer 6

because they believed God made all of the plants and animals

Question 7

in 1858, what did Wallace send to Darwin

Answer 7

a letter about his findings

Question 8

what do people knwo Darwin more than Wallace for their influence in developing the theory of natural selection

Answer 8

because Darwin published a book which became famous. Darwin also had more money and opportunities and was older

Question 9

what 4 observations of evolution by natural selection did Charles Darwin make

Answer 9

all organisms produxe more offspring tham suvive to adulthood. populations remain more of less constant in number. members of the same species show variation in characteristics. some characterstics are inherited and so are passed onto the next generation

Question 10

what 2 conclusions did Charles Darwin make

Answer 10

all organisms are involved in a struggle for survival. some individuals are better adapted to their environment than other

Question 11

what is the process for natural selection

Answer 11

overproduction of offspring. variety within a species (due to mutations in genetic code). selection pressure. only those organisms with the most suited characteristics survuve and reproduce. pass on their advantageous genes to their offspring. over time the population changes = evolution

Question 12

what is speciation

Answer 12

the formation of new and distinct species in the course of evolution

Question 13

what is mutation

Answer 13

typo in the copied DNA sequence

Question 14

why are some mutations beneficial and others not in terms of an organism’s survival

Answer 14

mutations in the making of proteins can cause serious problems

Question 15

what type of plant seeds do the Kew Millennium Seed Bank collect and conserve

Answer 15

endangered plants

Question 16

what processes do the seed undergo in the Kew Millennium Seed Bank

Answer 16

reduce moisture content of seeds, clean seeds, x ray seeds, put seeds into air tight container, put seeds into seed bank, germination testing

Question 17

what temperature is the seedbank at in the Kew Millennium Seed Bank

Answer 17

-20C

Question 18

why do the Kew Millennium Seed Bank check whether a seed will germinated after cleaning

Answer 18

to see if the seed is alive or germinated

Question 19

why grow plants in the seed bank from samples collected

Answer 19

for regeneration and experimenting

Question 20

what threats does plant diversity face

Answer 20

climate change and land conversion

Question 21

what is evolution

Answer 21

a change in the inherited characteristics of a population over many generations through a process of natural selection. evolution may result in the formation of a new species

Question 22

what is speciation

Answer 22

when organisms become sufficiently different they will become different species

Question 23

what is some evidence for evolution

Answer 23

the fossil record, differences in anatomy, molecular evidence, rapid changes in modern species, extinction

Question 24

what is a fossil

Answer 24

remains of plant oranimal mineralised or changed to rock

Question 25

what is the fossil record

Answer 25

the sequence of fossils which together show how organisms have evolved

Question 26

what percentage of all species that have ever lived on the plant are now extinct

Answer 26

99%

Question 27

what kind of species have the most similar DNA and proteins

Answer 27

closely related species have the most similar DNA and proteins

Question 28

why do we use classification

Answer 28

to identify species, to predict characteristics, to find or show evolutionary links

Question 29

how are animals classified

Answer 29

kingdom, phylum, class, order, family, genus, species

Question 30

what are some advantages of species

Answer 30

species are capable of interbreeding naturally to produce fertile offspring. species can show variation (e.g. dogs). species have more features in common with each other that with organisms of a different species

Question 31

what are hybrid species

Answer 31

hybrid species are produced from 2 different species but they are infertile. It is the result of breeding 2 organisms from 2 different species

Question 32

what does the first part of a species name define

Answer 32

the first part of a species name defines the genus - this is written with a capital letter

Question 33

what does the second part of a species name define

Answer 33

the second part of a species name defines the species - this has a lower case ketter

Question 34

what do artificial classification systems use

Answer 34

artificial classification systems use observable features

Question 35

what are some facts about artificial classification systems

Answer 35

they are similar in anatomical, they are physiological and behavioural, they have biochemical features, they can all successfully interbreed to produce fertile offspring

Question 36

what do natural classification systems use

Answer 36

natural classification systems use evolutionary relationships

Question 37

what is phylogeny

Answer 37

Phylogeny is the evolution of a genetically related group of organisms via the study of protein or gene evolution by involving the comparison of homologous sequences