B1.1 - Cell Structures

Question 1

state 3 facts about the cell theory

Answer 1

all organisms are made of one or more cells, the cell is the basic unit of organisms, all cells come from pre existing cells

Question 2

what is a cell

Answer 2

the smallest unit of an organism

Question 3

what is an organelle

Answer 3

an organelle is the name we give to a structure within a cell

Question 4

what are some features of a cell membrane

Answer 4

the cell membrane provides a selective barrier to molecules and contains receptor molecules to recieve signals

Question 5

what are some features of a cytoplasm

Answer 5

the site of most of the chemical reactions that take place in a cell

Question 6

what are some features of a nucleus

Answer 6

the nucleus controls the activities of the cell because it contains genetic material

Question 7

what are some features of a mitochondria

Answer 7

the site of aerobic respiration (contains enzymes for cellular respiration)

Question 8

what are some features of ribosomes

Answer 8

the site of protein synthesis

Question 9

what does the chloroplast contain

Answer 9

chloroplasts contain chlorophyll to absorb light for photosynthesis

Question 10

what does a vacuole contain

Answer 10

a vacuole contains cells sap which provides support

Question 11

what are some features of a cell wall

Answer 11

it is made from cellulose and provides structural support

Question 12

what are stains used for

Answer 12

stains are used to colour whole cells and structures within cells - to make something easier to see

Question 13

what are light microscopes useful for

Answer 13

they are useful for viewing whole cells or large subcellular structures

Question 14

how do you calculate magnification

Answer 14

magnification = magnification of the eyepiece lens x magnification of the objective lens

Question 15

what are electron microscopes useful for

Answer 15

electron microcopes are useful for viewing subcellular structures, such as ribosomes, mitochondrial membranes and nucleur membrance

Question 16

what is the price of a light microscope

Answer 16

it is inexpensive

Question 17

what beam does an light microscope use in order to make an image

Answer 17

a light microscope uses a beam of light to make an image

Question 18

what is the magnification of a light microscope

Answer 18

1000-1500x small

Question 19

what is the image dimension of a light microscope

Answer 19

2D

Question 20

what is the resolution of a light microscope

Answer 20

200nm

Question 21

what is the price of a transmission microscope (electron microscope)

Answer 21

very expensive

Question 22

what beam does a transmission microscope use in order to make an image

Answer 22

transmission microsopes use a beam of electrons to make an image

Question 23

what is the magnification of a transmission microscope

Answer 23

200000x large

Question 24

what is the image dimension of a transmission microscope

Answer 24

2D

Question 25

what is the resolution of a transmission microscope

Answer 25

1nm

Question 26

what is the price of a scanning microscope (electron microscope)

Answer 26

very expensive

Question 27

what beam does a scanning microscope use in order to make an image

Answer 27

scanning microscopes use a beam of electrons in order to make an image

Question 28

what is the magnification of a scanning microscope

Answer 28

500000x large

Question 29

what is the image dimension of a scanning microscope

Answer 29

3d

Question 30

what is the resolution of a scanning microscope

Answer 30

2-10nm

Question 31

what is magnification

Answer 31

the number of times an image has been enlarged or how many times bigger an image is compared to its actual size

Question 32

what is resloution (resolving power)

Answer 32

the ability to see 2 separate points as separate, even when they are close together

Question 33

what are prokaryotes

Answer 33

prokaryotes (e.g. bacteria) are single celled organisms that are the earliest and most primitive forms of life on earth. They do not have a nucleus, the DNA is free in the cytoplasm

Question 34

what are eukaryotes

Answer 34

eukaryotes (e.g. animals and plants) have a true nucleus

Question 35

what do bacterial and yeast cells consist of

Answer 35

bacterial and yeast cells consist of cytoplasm and a membrane surrounded by a cell wall

Question 36

in prokaryotic cells, what are plasmids

Answer 36

plasmids are small loops of extra DNA that aren't part of the chromosome. plasmids contain genes

Question 37

in prokaryotic cells, what is chromosomal DNA

Answer 37

chromosomal DNA is one long circular chromosome. chromosomal DNA controls the cell's activities and replication. it floats free in the cytoplasm (not in a nucleus)

Question 38

in prokaryotic cells, what is the cell membrane

Answer 38

the cell membrane controls what goes in and out. the cell is also supported by a cell wall

Question 39

what structures does a bacterial cell have

Answer 39

cell wall, cell membrane, cytoplasm

Question 40

what structures does a yeast cell have

Answer 40

cell wall, cell membrane, nucleus, mitochondria, vauole, cytoplasm

Question 41

what structures does an animal cell have

Answer 41

cell membrane, nucleus, mitochondria, cytoplasm

Question 42

what structures do plant cells have

Answer 42

cell wall, cell membrane, nucleus, mitochondria, chloroplasts, vacuole, cytoplasm