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GCSE Biology > B1.1 - Cell Structures > Flashcards

B1.1 - Cell Structures Flashcards

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1
Q

state 3 facts about the cell theory

A

all organisms are made of one or more cells, the cell is the basic unit of organisms, all cells come from pre existing cells

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2
Q

what is a cell

A

the smallest unit of an organism

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3
Q

what is an organelle

A

an organelle is the name we give to a structure within a cell

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4
Q

what are some features of a cell membrane

A

the cell membrane provides a selective barrier to molecules and contains receptor molecules to recieve signals

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5
Q

what are some features of a cytoplasm

A

the site of most of the chemical reactions that take place in a cell

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6
Q

what are some features of a nucleus

A

the nucleus controls the activities of the cell because it contains genetic material

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7
Q

what are some features of a mitochondria

A

the site of aerobic respiration (contains enzymes for cellular respiration)

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8
Q

what are some features of ribosomes

A

the site of protein synthesis

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9
Q

what does the chloroplast contain

A

chloroplasts contain chlorophyll to absorb light for photosynthesis

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10
Q

what does a vacuole contain

A

a vacuole contains cells sap which provides support

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11
Q

what are some features of a cell wall

A

it is made from cellulose and provides structural support

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12
Q

what are stains used for

A

stains are used to colour whole cells and structures within cells - to make something easier to see

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13
Q

what are light microscopes useful for

A

they are useful for viewing whole cells or large subcellular structures

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14
Q

how do you calculate magnification

A

magnification = magnification of the eyepiece lens x magnification of the objective lens

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15
Q

what are electron microscopes useful for

A

electron microcopes are useful for viewing subcellular structures, such as ribosomes, mitochondrial membranes and nucleur membrance

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16
Q

what is the price of a light microscope

A

it is inexpensive

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17
Q

what beam does an light microscope use in order to make an image

A

a light microscope uses a beam of light to make an image

18
Q

what is the magnification of a light microscope

A

1000-1500x small

19
Q

what is the image dimension of a light microscope

A

2D

20
Q

what is the resolution of a light microscope

A

200nm

21
Q

what is the price of a transmission microscope (electron microscope)

A

very expensive

22
Q

what beam does a transmission microscope use in order to make an image

A

transmission microsopes use a beam of electrons to make an image

23
Q

what is the magnification of a transmission microscope

A

200000x large

24
Q

what is the image dimension of a transmission microscope

A

2D

25
Q

what is the resolution of a transmission microscope

A

1nm

26
Q

what is the price of a scanning microscope (electron microscope)

A

very expensive

27
Q

what beam does a scanning microscope use in order to make an image

A

scanning microscopes use a beam of electrons in order to make an image

28
Q

what is the magnification of a scanning microscope

A

500000x large

29
Q

what is the image dimension of a scanning microscope

A

3d

30
Q

what is the resolution of a scanning microscope

A

2-10nm

31
Q

what is magnification

A

the number of times an image has been enlarged or how many times bigger an image is compared to its actual size

32
Q

what is resloution (resolving power)

A

the ability to see 2 separate points as separate, even when they are close together

33
Q

what are prokaryotes

A

prokaryotes (e.g. bacteria) are single celled organisms that are the earliest and most primitive forms of life on earth. They do not have a nucleus, the DNA is free in the cytoplasm

34
Q

what are eukaryotes

A

eukaryotes (e.g. animals and plants) have a true nucleus

35
Q

what do bacterial and yeast cells consist of

A

bacterial and yeast cells consist of cytoplasm and a membrane surrounded by a cell wall

36
Q

in prokaryotic cells, what are plasmids

A

plasmids are small loops of extra DNA that aren’t part of the chromosome. plasmids contain genes

37
Q

in prokaryotic cells, what is chromosomal DNA

A

chromosomal DNA is one long circular chromosome. chromosomal DNA controls the cell’s activities and replication. it floats free in the cytoplasm (not in a nucleus)

38
Q

in prokaryotic cells, what is the cell membrane

A

the cell membrane controls what goes in and out. the cell is also supported by a cell wall

39
Q

what structures does a bacterial cell have

A

cell wall, cell membrane, cytoplasm

40
Q

what structures does a yeast cell have

A

cell wall, cell membrane, nucleus, mitochondria, vauole, cytoplasm

41
Q

what structures does an animal cell have

A

cell membrane, nucleus, mitochondria, cytoplasm

42
Q

what structures do plant cells have

A

cell wall, cell membrane, nucleus, mitochondria, chloroplasts, vacuole, cytoplasm

GCSE Biology (14 decks)

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