B1.3 - Respiration Flashcards
what is the equation for aerobic respiration
glucose + oxygen —-> cabon dioxide + water
what is the number equation for aerobic respiration
C6H1206 + 602 —-> 6C02 + 6H20
what is respiration
a universal chemical process which continuosly supplies ATP (a form of chemical energy) in all living cells
is cellular respiration an exothermic or endothermic reaction
cellular respiration is an exothermic reaction
what elements do carbohydrate molecules contain
carbon, hydrogen and oxygen
what are carbohydrates made up of
simple sugars (monomer) e.g. glucose
what are carbohydrates (polymer) stored as
stored as starch in plants, and stored as glycogen in the liver
how are carbohydrates used in respiration
carbohydrates provide glucose needed as the reactant as glycogen is broken down
what are lipids (large) made up of
fatty acids and glycerol
what are lipids stored as
fat in adipose tissue
how are lipids used in respiration
fat is broken down into fatty acids and glycerol. these are used in small reactions within respiration
what is protein (polymer) made up of
amino acids
what are proteins stored as
amino acids which can be used in the liver
how are proteins used in repsiration
the amino acids can be broken down to molecules that can be respired
what is anaerobic respiration
respiration in the abscence of oxygen
what is the equation for anaerobic respiration
glucose —-> lactic acid (less ATP/energy is released)
what is the number equation for anaerobic respiration
C6H1206 —-> 2C3H603
what is the equation for anaerobic respiration in animals
fermentation + glucose —-> ethanol + carbon dioxide
the energy released by respiration is in the form of what
ATP
what is ATP
ATP is the energy source for cell processes. it can release energy very quickly
how much ATP molecules per glucose molecule can aerobic respiration produce
aerobic respiration can produce up to 38ATP molecules per glucose molecule
how much ATP molecules per glucose molecule can anaerobic respiration produce
anaerobic respiration can produce only 2ATP molecules per glucose molecule
what are 5 things energy in animals is used for
1) muscle contractions so animals can move.
2) building larger molecules from smaller ones.
3) making proteins, fats and carbohydrates.
4) building new tissues e.g. muscle,skin,bone.
5) keeping body temperature steady.
what are 3 things energy in plants can be used for
1) buildinng larger molecules from small things.
2) making amino acids from sugars, nitrates and other nutrients.
3) combining amino acids to make proteins.
