B5- Controlling Fertility Flashcards
What is the primary goal of contraception?
To stop sperm from reaching the ovulated egg
How does oestrogen function in contraception?
Prevents the release of an egg by inhibiting FSH production
True or False: Oestrogen naturally stimulates the release of eggs.
True
What effect does progesterone have on fertility?
Stimulates the production of thick mucus that prevents sperm from reaching the egg
What is the combined oral contraceptive pill?
An oral contraceptive containing oestrogen and progesterone
What is the effectiveness rate of the combined oral contraceptive pill?
Over 99% effective at preventing pregnancy
What are some side effects of the combined oral contraceptive pill?
Headaches and nausea
What is a progesterone-only pill?
A contraceptive pill with fewer side effects and equal effectiveness compared to the combined pill
What does the contraceptive patch contain?
Oestrogen and progesterone
How long does a contraceptive patch last?
One week
Where is the contraceptive implant inserted?
Under the skin of the arm
How long can a contraceptive implant last?
Three years
What does the contraceptive injection contain?
Progesterone
How long does each dose of the contraceptive injection last?
2 to 3 months
What is an intrauterine device (IUD)?
An I-shaped device inserted into the uterus to kill sperm and prevent implantation
What are the two main types of IUDs?
- Plastic IUDs that release progesterone
- Copper IUDs that prevent sperm survival
What is the purpose of non-hormonal forms of contraception?
To stop sperm from reaching the egg
What are condoms used for?
To prevent sperm from entering the vagina
True or False: Condoms protect against sexually transmitted diseases.
True
What is a diaphragm in the context of contraception?
A shallow plastic cup that fits over the cervix to form a barrier
What must a diaphragm be used with?
Spermicide
What is the effectiveness rate of spermicide when used alone?
About 70-80%
What does sterilisation involve?
Cutting or tying the fallopian tubes in females or sperm duct in males
Is sterilisation a temporary or permanent procedure?
Permanent
What are natural methods of contraception?
Avoiding intercourse during the woman’s most fertile days
Why might some people choose natural methods of contraception?
They believe hormonal and barrier methods are unnatural
What is the only method that guarantees no sperm and egg meeting?
Abstinence
