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Biology > B5- Controlling Fertility > Flashcards

B5- Controlling Fertility Flashcards

1
Q

What is the primary goal of contraception?

A

To stop sperm from reaching the ovulated egg

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2
Q

How does oestrogen function in contraception?

A

Prevents the release of an egg by inhibiting FSH production

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3
Q

True or False: Oestrogen naturally stimulates the release of eggs.

A

True

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4
Q

What effect does progesterone have on fertility?

A

Stimulates the production of thick mucus that prevents sperm from reaching the egg

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5
Q

What is the combined oral contraceptive pill?

A

An oral contraceptive containing oestrogen and progesterone

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6
Q

What is the effectiveness rate of the combined oral contraceptive pill?

A

Over 99% effective at preventing pregnancy

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7
Q

What are some side effects of the combined oral contraceptive pill?

A

Headaches and nausea

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8
Q

What is a progesterone-only pill?

A

A contraceptive pill with fewer side effects and equal effectiveness compared to the combined pill

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9
Q

What does the contraceptive patch contain?

A

Oestrogen and progesterone

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10
Q

How long does a contraceptive patch last?

A

One week

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11
Q

Where is the contraceptive implant inserted?

A

Under the skin of the arm

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12
Q

How long can a contraceptive implant last?

A

Three years

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13
Q

What does the contraceptive injection contain?

A

Progesterone

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14
Q

How long does each dose of the contraceptive injection last?

A

2 to 3 months

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15
Q

What is an intrauterine device (IUD)?

A

An I-shaped device inserted into the uterus to kill sperm and prevent implantation

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16
Q

What are the two main types of IUDs?

A
  • Plastic IUDs that release progesterone
  • Copper IUDs that prevent sperm survival
17
Q

What is the purpose of non-hormonal forms of contraception?

A

To stop sperm from reaching the egg

18
Q

What are condoms used for?

A

To prevent sperm from entering the vagina

19
Q

True or False: Condoms protect against sexually transmitted diseases.

A

True

20
Q

What is a diaphragm in the context of contraception?

A

A shallow plastic cup that fits over the cervix to form a barrier

21
Q

What must a diaphragm be used with?

A

Spermicide

22
Q

What is the effectiveness rate of spermicide when used alone?

A

About 70-80%

23
Q

What does sterilisation involve?

A

Cutting or tying the fallopian tubes in females or sperm duct in males

24
Q

Is sterilisation a temporary or permanent procedure?

A

Permanent

25
Q

What are natural methods of contraception?

A

Avoiding intercourse during the woman’s most fertile days

26
Q

Why might some people choose natural methods of contraception?

A

They believe hormonal and barrier methods are unnatural

27
Q

What is the only method that guarantees no sperm and egg meeting?

A

Abstinence

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