B5- Controlling Blood Glucose Flashcards

1
Q

What hormones are primarily responsible for controlling blood glucose levels?

A

Insulin and Glucagon

These hormones are secreted by the pancreas and play crucial roles in regulating blood sugar.

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2
Q

What happens to blood glucose levels after eating foods containing carbohydrates?

A

Blood glucose increases

Carbohydrates are broken down into sugars, which enter the bloodstream.

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3
Q

How does vigorous exercise affect blood glucose levels?

A

Removes much more glucose from the blood

Physical activity increases glucose uptake by muscles.

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4
Q

What can excess glucose be stored as?

A

Glycogen

Glycogen is stored in the liver and muscles for later use.

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5
Q

What is the role of insulin in blood glucose regulation?

A

Insulin helps lower blood glucose levels

It facilitates the conversion of glucose into glycogen in the liver.

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6
Q

What is the role of glucagon in blood glucose regulation?

A

Glucagon helps raise blood glucose levels

It promotes the conversion of glycogen back into glucose in the liver.

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7
Q

What is the feedback mechanism used to control blood glucose levels?

A

Negative feedback cycle

Blood glucose levels are monitored and adjusted by the pancreas.

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8
Q

True or False: Type 1 diabetes is characterized by the pancreas producing little or no insulin.

A

True

This condition requires insulin therapy for management.

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9
Q

What is the typical treatment for Type 1 diabetes?

A

Insulin therapy with injections

Involves multiple injections throughout the day, especially at mealtimes.

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10
Q

What dietary considerations are important for managing Type 1 diabetes?

A

Limit intake of simple carbohydrates and regular exercise

Simple carbohydrates can cause rapid increases in blood glucose.

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11
Q

What is the main issue in Type 2 diabetes?

A

Insulin resistance

The body produces insulin but cells do not respond properly to it.

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12
Q

What are major risk factors for developing Type 2 diabetes?

A

Obesity and being overweight

These factors significantly increase the risk of insulin resistance.

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13
Q

How can Type 2 diabetes be managed?

A

Carbohydrate-controlled diet and regular exercise

Lifestyle changes are crucial for managing blood sugar levels.

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14
Q

Fill in the blank: The pancreas secretes _______ to lower blood glucose levels.

A

Insulin

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15
Q

Fill in the blank: In Type 1 diabetes, individuals require _______ therapy.

A

Insulin

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16
Q

What happens when blood glucose levels are too high?

A

Insulin is added

This helps to reduce blood glucose levels.

17
Q

What happens when blood glucose levels are too low?

A

Glucagon is added

This helps to raise blood glucose levels.