B5 (Communicable Diseases) Flashcards
Pathogens
Microorganisms that enter the body and cause disease
4 communical diseases
- bacteria
- virus
- protists
- fungi
3 ways pathogens spread
- water
- air or droplets
- direct contact
3 viral diseases
- measles are spread through air and cause rashes
- HIV is from sexual contact
- Tobacco Mosaic damages plants
2 bacterial diseases
- salmonella spread in foods
- gonorrhoea spread through sexual activity
1 fungal disease
Rose black spots prevent growth and stops photosynthesis
1 protist disease
- Malaria in the life cycle (breeding) in the mosquito which is the vector
- through direct contact
4 ways the spread of disease is stopped
- hygienic
- destroying vectors
- Isolating individuals
- vaccination
5 Ways your body is a defence system to pathogens
- skin is a barrier
- hairs trap particles
- mucus in trachea and bronchi trap pathogens
- cilia stops from being swallowed
- stomach with HCL to kill pathogens
Immune system
- this is how pathogens are destroyed
- white blood cells
Consuming
White blood cells engulf the foreign cells and digest ghem
Producing antibodies
- proteins (antibodies) from white blood cells lock onto the antigen as the specific antibody is made for the specific antigen
- you are immune as they can respond rapidly the next time and destroy the bacteria or virus instantly
Antitoxins
They cancel out the toxins produces by invading the bacteria
2 Stages of growing bacteria in the lab
1) Agar Plate with hot jelly on petri dish
2) Use sterile inoculating loops to transfer the microorganisms onto the culture medium
Stages of the effect of antibiotic on bacterial growth
1) Paper discs in different types of antibiotics and put over the bacteria leaving spaces
2) inhabitation zone created due to the bacteria dying
4 Ways to reduce contamination in the antibiotic exsperiment
- sterilised petridish
- sterilised inoculating loop
- medium closed quickly
- stored upside down so stops condensation falling on agar
Mineral Ions and deficiancy
- nitrates for proteins
- magnesium ions to make chlorophyll
- if not enough due to lack of stunts growth
6 Signs of a plant disease
- stunted growth
- abnormal growth
- spots
- malformed stems
- patches
- discolourisation
Plants physical defenses
- waxy cuticle stops entering
- cell walls
- bark on trees with dead cells as layer of protection
Plants chemical defenses
- antibacterial chemicals
- poisons
Plant mechanical defenses
- thorns or hairs
- drooping or curling to scare
- plants mimic other organisms to scare
