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Biology > B11 (Hormonal Coordination) > Flashcards

B11 (Hormonal Coordination) Flashcards

1
Q

What is the Endocrine System

A

These are glands that contain chemicals called hormones. Hormones target organs for effect

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2
Q

Pituitary Gland

A

Controls Growth

- FSH, LH

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3
Q

Thyroid

A

Metabolic rate

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4
Q

Pancreas

A

Controls glucose in the blood

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5
Q

Adrenaline

A

In kidneys prepares for stressful situations

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6
Q

Ovaries

A

Controls development of female sexual characteristics

- oestrogen + progesterone

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7
Q

Testes

A

Controls male sexual characteristics

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8
Q

ADH

A

Controls amount of urine in kidneys

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9
Q

TSH

A

Stimulates thyroid gland

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10
Q

Oesteogen

A

Female sex hormone

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11
Q

Thyroxine

A

Controls rate of metabolism

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12
Q

Insulin

A

Controls blood glucose (decreases it)

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13
Q

Glucagon

A

Controls blood glucose (increases it)

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14
Q

What happens if blood glucose is too high

A
  • insulin released in the pancreas
  • glucose taken in by cells
  • glucose converted go glycogen in liver
  • returns to normal
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15
Q

What happens if blood glucose too low

A
  • pancreas releases glucagon
  • glycogen broken down into glucose
  • amino acids broken down
  • returns to normal level
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16
Q

Type 1 diabetes

A
  • pancreas doesn’t make enough insulin to control glucose levels
  • no glucose meaning weight loss and fatigue
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17
Q

Type 2 diabetes

A
  • body stops responding to insulin
  • high sugar levels and obesity
  • sedimentary lifestyle
18
Q

Menstrual Cycle (4 stages)

A
  • 28 day cycle
  • 4 days blood released
  • lining builds up
  • day 14 egg released
19
Q

FOLP + explanation

A

FSH- helps mature egg

Oestrogen- brings about stimulation of ovaries

LH- controls the ovulation and release egg

Progesterone- increases lining

20
Q

Testosterone

A

Male sex hormone stimulates sperm

21
Q

Lack of Ovulation

A

Woman not enough FSH so put in artificial put in

22
Q

IVF (In Vitro Treatment)

A
  • damage or blocked oviduct

- donor cells or donar sperm cells

23
Q

How doctors help

A
  • FSH to help mature egg

- eggs fertilise in lab and kept in solution to develop embroys

24
Q

Adv/disadv of fertility treatment

A

Adv:
- more chance of biological children, save embryos for later time
Disadv:
- very expensive, not alway successful, health issues, more children then expected, ethical issues

25
Q

Hormone Based fertility control

A
  • pill contain oestrogen

- mixed pill absorb hormones

26
Q

Chemical control method

A
  • spermicides disable sperm
27
Q

Barrier method

A
  • condoms stop sperm reaching

- diaphragm over the cervix

28
Q

Intrauterine Devices control method

A
  • 3 to 5 years stop embryos planting in uterus
29
Q

Abstinence control method

A
  • rhythm method, don’t have sex on ovulation days
30
Q

Surgical control method

A
  • sperm duct cut stop sperm reaching semen

- oviduct cut stop transportation

31
Q

Negative Feedback

A
  • cycle to maintain steady rate

- internal or external environment occur, changes happen to maintain steady temperature

32
Q

Phototropism

A
  • plants grow towards light to maximise photosynthesis
33
Q

Geotropism

A
  • plants roots grow down because of grabity
34
Q

What are Auxins

A
  • plant hormone controls growth
35
Q

What happens when light from side (auxins)

A
  • receptors activated
  • auxin accumulates at shaded side (increase conc)
  • uneven growth causes bend as cells elongates
36
Q

When light shines from the top (auxins)

A
  • receptors activated
  • accumulates at top (increase conc)
  • elongates cell up
37
Q

Auxins in geotropism

A
  • accumulates at bottom (higher conc)

- uneven growth to grow specific way

38
Q

Using Auxins

A
  • make more growth of plants as it’s growth hormone
  • increase profits
  • used week killers, uncontrollable growth
39
Q

Using Gibberellins

A
  • hormone for seed germination

- increase size of fruits, increase growth

40
Q

Using Ethene

A
  • controls ripening of fruit

- food stored unriped which is better, then can be adjusted for sale

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