B4 Organising Animals And Plants

Question 1

What is the function of xylem

Answer 1

It carries water and dissolved minerals from the roots to the leaves

Question 2

What is the function of phloem

Answer 2

Carries dissolved food from the leaves around the plant

Question 3

What are xylem and phloem

Answer 3

They are the transport tissue in plants

Question 4

What is the function of epidermal tissue

Answer 4

Covers plants and protects them

Question 5

What is the fuction of palisade mesophyll

Answer 5

Contains chloropasts for photosynthesis

Question 6

What is Spongy mesophyll

Answer 6

Contains some chloropasts but has air space for diffusion

Question 7

What are the features of meristem cells

Answer 7

Rapidly dividing can differentiate into any cell

Question 8

What are plant organs made up of

Answer 8

Tissues such as epidermal, palisade mesophyll

Question 9

State 3 plant organs

Answer 9

Root, stem and leaves form transport organ system

Question 10

What is translocation

Answer 10

The movement of sugars in the plant

Question 11

What is the role of the root hair cell

Answer 11

Absorbs water and minerals from soils adapted with a large surface area

Question 12

What are the 4 steps of the transpiration stream

Answer 12

Stomata opens, water loss
Water vapour evaporates from the cells lining the air spaces
Water diffuses out through the stomata
More water is sucked up the xylem

Question 13

What is the structure of blood plasma

Answer 13

Straw yellow liquid

Question 14

What is the function of the blood plasma

Answer 14

Plasma transports many dissolved substances around the body

Question 15

What is the structure of red blood cells

Answer 15

Very small in size. Has a large surface area to volume ratio

Question 16

What is the function of red blood cells

Answer 16

To transport oxygen all over the body cells for respiration

Question 17

What is the function of white blood cells

Answer 17

To fight diseases in the body

Question 18

What is the function of platelets

Answer 18

They try to form blood clots to help seal wounds when skin is cut

Question 19

What is the double circulatory system

Answer 19

The double circulatory system has two different circuits of blood. The right ventricle pumps blood to the lungs where gas exchange takes place. The left ventricle pumps blood around the rest of the body.

Question 20

What is the function if the valves in veins

Answer 20

Valves prevent the backflow of blood

Question 21

What type of blood do arteries carry

Answer 21

Oxygenated blood

Question 22

What type of blood do veins carry

Answer 22

Deoxygenated blood

Question 23

What is the function of capillaries

Answer 23

Allow fast diffusion of substances out of the blood into the body cells and tissues

Question 24

What are the two top chambers of the heart called

Answer 24

Left and right atria

Question 25

What are the two bottom chambers of the heart called

Answer 25

Left and right ventricles

Question 26

What are the corony arteries

Answer 26

These are arteries that supply the heart with oxygen and glucose for respiration

Question 27

What are the three main ways of treating heart disease

Answer 27

Drugs
Mechanical devices
Heart transplant

Question 28

What is a stent

Answer 28

A wire mesh is inserted into a blocked coronary artery to widen the artery and allow more blood flow

Question 29

What is an artificial valve

Answer 29

Valves in the heart that prevent the backflow of blood
Faulty heart valves can be replaced with biological or mechanical valves

Question 30

What is a peacemaker

Answer 30

Electrical devices used to correct irregularities in the heart rate

Question 31

What is tanspiration

Answer 31

Transpiration is the loss of water vapour from surface of the leaf

Question 32

What is the function of stomata

Answer 32

They allow the exchange of gasses in and out of the leaf

Question 33

Where is most of the stomata found

Answer 33

On the lower side of the leaf

Question 34

How do mineral ions enter the plant

Answer 34

Mineral ions are dissolved in water in low concentrations. Therefore the mineral ions enter the plant via the root hair cells by active transport

Question 35

What do guard cells have that helps them open and close

Answer 35

Guard cells have an unevenly thickened (cell) wall. This enables them to, change shape / bend when they gain water by osmosis.

Question 36

What causes stomata to open

Answer 36

• Stomata opens during the day and closes during the night.
• High water potential outside the stomata
• Light causes stomata to open

Question 37

What is the function of root hair cells

Answer 37

To absorb water and mineral ions by active transport

Question 38

How do root hair cells adapt to absorb more water and mineral ions

Answer 38

They have many hairs to increase their surface area so the plant can absorb more water by osmosis

Question 39

How does light intensity affect the rate of transpiration

Answer 39

Transpiration rate increases as light intensity increases

Question 40

How does temperature affect the rate of transpiration

Answer 40

At higher temperatures the rate of transpiration increases

Question 41

How does humidity affect the rate of transpiration

Answer 41

Transpiration rate is faster when conditions are less humid

Question 42

What are the walls of xylem thickened with

Answer 42

Lignin

Question 43

Where does photosnthesis take place

Answer 43

In the leaves of the plant