B1 Cells And Organisation X Microscope Flashcards

1
Q

What is diffusion?

A

The movement of particles from high concentration to low conventration

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

What is the difference in concentration called?

A

Concentration gradiant (the bigger the concentration gradient the faster the diffusion rate)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

Where does diffusion happen?

A

In solutions and gasses

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

What part of the cell lets stuff diffuse in and out of the cell

A

Cell membrane

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

What temperature creates a higher diffusion rate

A

Hotter

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

What is osmosis?

A

The movement of liquid from a high concentration to a low concentration

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

What does low and high concentration mean in liquid?

A

Low= more particles
High= less particles

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

Why does osmosis happen?

A

Because the liquid is trying to even up

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

What are the two things cells can be?

A

Prokaryotic and eukaryotic

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

Define the word tissue

A

Collection of cells of similar structure and function allworking together

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

Define the word organ

A

Collection of diffrent tissues working together to carry out a specific functiom

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

What does the digestion system do?

A

Digestion is the process where the large molecules into small molecules so they can be absorbed into the blood

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

What is active transport?

A

The movement of molecules across a cell membrane from a region of lower concentration to high concentration against a gradiant

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

How do you calculate magnification

A

Magnification=eyepiece lens x objective lens

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

What is resolution

A

The ability to distinguish between two seperate points in an image

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

What is the function of the nucleus

A

Contains DNA in the form of chromosones, contains the genetic code.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

What is the function of the cytoplasm

A

Where chemical reactions take place

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

What is the function of the cell membrane

A

Controls what comes in and out of the cell

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

What is the function of mitochondria

A

This is where respiration takes place

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

What is the function of the cellulose cell wall

A

The outside layer of plant cells and gives the plant strength and support

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

What is the function of ribosomes

A

The location where proteins are made

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

What is the function of chloropasts

A

Contains a chemical called chlorophyll. It traps sunlight energy which is needed for photosynthesis

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

What happens to an animal cell when placed in a more dilute solution

A

The cell gains water through osmosis and it may burst

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

What happens to an animal cell when placed in a more concentrated solution

A

The cell loses water and may shrivel

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
25
Q

What happens to a plant cell when placed in a more dilute solution

A

Gains water through osmosis however doesnt burst

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
26
Q

Why does a plant cell not burst when placed in a more dilute solution

A

The plant cell has a cell wall

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
27
Q

What happens to a plant cell when placed in a more concentrated solution

A

Loses water by osmosis and the cell membrane pulls away from the cell wall

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
28
Q

What types of cells dont have a nucleus

A

Prokaryotic cells

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
29
Q

What is the function of sperm cells

A

They fertilise the egg cell during sexual reproduction

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
30
Q

What is the function of nerve cells

A

Transmits electrical pulses around the body

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
31
Q

What is the function of muscle cells

A

Are specialised to contract quickly to move bones

32
Q

What is the function of root hair cells in plants

A

Specialised to absorb water by osmosis and mineral ions by active transport

33
Q

How do you calculate mm to nm

34
Q

Convert 20mm to nm

A

20mm x 1000=20,000nm

35
Q

What are the 8 main parts of the light microscope

A

Eyepiece lens, body tube, high and low power objective lenses, stage, mirror, rough focusing knob, fine focusing knob, handle.

36
Q

What is an organism

A

A living thing made up of cells

37
Q

What are 4 things animal and plant cells both have

A

Nucleus, cytoplasm, cell membrane, mitochondria

38
Q

What are three things plant cells have than animal cells dont

A

Cell wall, vacuole, chloropasts.

39
Q

What are multi cellular organisms

A

Made up of lots of cells

40
Q

What are unicellular organisms

A

Organisms made up of only one cell

41
Q

what are eukaryotic cells

A

multi cell organism

42
Q

what are prokaryotic cells

A

single cell organism

43
Q

what are the 5 main things an animal cells contains

A

nucleus, cytoplasm, cell membrane, mitochondria, ribososmes

44
Q

what is the main role of the cytoplasm

A

destination where chemical reactions take place, contains enxymes to control these chemical reactions

45
Q

what is the main role of the cell membrane

A

controls what goes in and out of the cell

46
Q

what is the main role of the mitochondria

A

where most reactions for aerobic respiration takes place

47
Q

what is the main role of ribosomes

A

where proteins are made in the cell

48
Q

what are the 3 extra things plant cells have that animal cells dont have

A

rigid cell wall, permanent vacuole, chloropasts

49
Q

what is the cell wall maded out of in a plant cell

50
Q

what does the cell wall do

A

suppports and strengthens the cell

51
Q

what is the main function of the chloropast

A

where photosynthesis occcurs making food for the plant

52
Q

whta do chloropasts contain and what is its purpose

A

chlorophyll, a green substance in the leaf which absorbs the light needed for photosynthesis

53
Q

what are the three main things that bacterial cells dont contain

A

chloropasats, mitochndria, nucleus

54
Q

what holds the dna in a bacterial cell

A

the plasmid

55
Q

what are the 4 main things bacterial cells contain

A

cell membrane, cytoplasm, cell wall and plasmid

56
Q

what do light microscopes use and allow us to see

A

use light and lenses to magnify an image and let su see individual cells and large subcellular structures

57
Q

what do electron microscopes use and allow us to see

A

use electrons instead of lights and have a great magnification

58
Q

compare the difference of images a light microscope will show to an electron microscope

A

electron microscopes have a greater magnification and a higher resolution

59
Q

how to prepare your slide to view an onion cell

A

add a drop of water to the middle of a clean slide, cut an onion and peel off a layer using some tweezers. using the tweezers place the epidermal tissue (layer of onion) into the wtare on the slide. then add a drop of iodine solution and place a cover slip on top making sure no air bubbles are underneath.

60
Q

what is resolution

A

the ability to distinguish two points under a microscope

61
Q

why dont you want airbubbles under the cover slip when using a microscope to look at an onion cell

A

theyll obstruct your view of the specimen onion peel)

62
Q

how do use a light microscope to look at your slide

A

clip the slide youve prepared onto the stage, sleect the lwoest powered objective lens, use the coarse adjustment knob to move the stage up to just below the objective lens. look down the eyepiece using the coarse adjustment knob unti you get a clear image

63
Q

why might you add stain to the sample on a microscope slide

A

to highlight the object by adding colour to them

64
Q

what do cells do to become specialized

A

cells differentiate

65
Q

what is differentiation

A

the process by which a cell becomes specialized for its purpose

66
Q

what allows cells to carry out a specific function

A

by developing different subcellular structures turning into different types of cells

67
Q

what are sperm cells spezializeed for

A

reproduction

68
Q

what are nerve cells specialised for

A

rapid signalling

69
Q

what are muscle cells specialised for

A

contraction

70
Q

what are root hair cells specialised for

A

absorbing water and minerals

71
Q

what are phloem and xylem cells specialised for

A

transporting substances

72
Q

what are 4 features of a sperm cell which helps it for its role

A

has a long tail, streamlined head to help it swim to the egg. lots of mitochondria to provide energy needed. carries enzymes in its head to digest through the egg cell membrane

73
Q

what is the main feature of a nerve cell to help it for its role

A

has many branched connections at the end of the cell to connect to other nerve cells to create a network

74
Q

what are the TWO main feature of a muscle cell to help it for its function

A

muscle cells are long so they have more space to contract. have many mitochondria to generate energy needed for contraction

75
Q

what is the main feature of phloem and xylem cells which help it for its function

A

xylem cells are hollow in the centre so stuff can flow through them
phloem cells have little subcellular structure so stuff can flow through them