B2 Cell Division

Question 1

What are the main parts of a plant cell

Answer 1

Cell wall, cell membrane, vacuoles

Question 2

Main parts of an animal cell

Answer 2

Cytoplasm, mitochondria, cell membrane

Question 3

Main difference of prokaryotic cells and eukaryotic cells

Answer 3

Prokaryotic doesnt have nucleus so dna is stored in a circular plasmid whereas eukaryotic cells have nucleus where dna is stored

Question 4

Whats the difference between magnification and resolution

Answer 4

Magnification is the ability to make small things seem bigger but resolution is the ability to tell the difference from two points

Question 5

How do you calculate the magnification

Answer 5

Size of image/size of realobject

Question 6

Compare plant cell and animal cell

Answer 6

Plant cells have a cell wall and a cell membrane animal cells only have a cell membrane

Question 7

What is a specialised cell

Answer 7

Designed to carry out a particular role in the body

Question 8

How do animal cells adapt

Answer 8

Animal cells Have components that allow them to complete a specific function to adapt

Question 9

What is dna

Answer 9

A molecule that carries genetic information for the development and function of an organism

Question 10

What is a chromosone

Answer 10

Thread-like structures located inside the nucleus of animal and plant cells

Question 11

How many chromosones do human body cells and gametes have

Answer 11

Human body cells - 46 chromosones in total
Human gametes - 23 chromosones each

Question 12

What is mitosis

Answer 12

Process where a cell duplicates all of its contents including chromosones and then devides into two identical daughter cells

Question 13

What is a gamete

Answer 13

A reproductive cell of an animal or plant

Question 14

What is a chromsone and where are they found in a cell

Answer 14

Thin strand of dna found in the nucleus

Question 15

What is differentiation

Answer 15

The process where unspezialized cells become spezialized

Question 16

What does the nucleus of a cell contain

Answer 16

Contains chromosones made of DNA moleculues

Question 17

What is the series called of cell division

Answer 17

The cell cycle

Question 18

What happens during the cell cycle

Answer 18

The genetic material is doubled and then devided into two identical cells

Question 19

Before a cell can devide what does it need to do

Answer 19

It needs to grow and increase the number of sub-cellular structures such as ribosomes and mitochondria. The DNA replucates to form two copies of each chromosone

Question 20

What is a gene

Answer 20

A gene is a section of DNA which carries instructions for a particular protein

Question 21

What happens in cell division in simple terms

Answer 21

Growth
Replacing worne out cells
Repair of damaged tissue

Question 22

What is the three steps of the cell cycle

Answer 22

Interphase, mitosis, cytokinesis

Question 23

What happens during stage 1 of the cell cycle - interphase

Answer 23

The cell grows bigger, DNA replicates, Organelles replicate

Question 24

What happens during stage 2 of the cell cycle - mitosis

Answer 24

The replicated chromosones line up in the centre of the cell, chromosones get pulled to opposite sides of the cell.

Question 25

What happens during stage 3 of the cell cycle- cytokinesis

Answer 25

Cell membrane and cytoplasm devides, two identical daughter cells are formed

Question 26

When is mitosis needed

Answer 26

For the repair of cells at the site of a wound or injury, during growth spurts, and during the production of red blood cells in bone marrow

Question 27

What is growth

Answer 27

The process of cell dvision followed by cells becoming specialized

Question 28

How do you make a plant clone

Answer 28

To make a plant clone you take some plant tissue and place it in a petri dish with nutrients and then plant the plantlets in soil

Question 29

What is the difference in differentiation between plants and animals

Answer 29

Many plants cells have the ability to diffentiate throughout its whole life however in animals cell division is mainly restricted to repair and replacement

Question 30

What are stem cells

Answer 30

A cell that has not become specialised

Question 31

What is the function of a stem cell and what are the two main types of stem cells

Answer 31

They are a repair system for the body and the two main types of stem cells are embryonic stem cells and adult stem cells

Question 32

What does process of therapeutic cloning do

Answer 32

It does the transfer of the nucleus from a cell of the patient, to an egg cell

Question 33

Where are embryonic stem cells found and adult stem cells found

Answer 33

Adult stem cells are found in bone marrow and embryonic stem cells are found in the embrio

Question 34

What are three things transplanting stem cells could be used to help people with

Answer 34

Nerve injuries
Diseases
Blindness

Question 35

What is the main difference between embryonic stem cells and adult stem cells

Answer 35

Embryonic stem cell can change into any type of specialized cell however adult stem cells can only change into cells that are close to them

Question 36

What are positives and negatives of embryo stem cells

Answer 36

Pros:
Can treat a wide variety of diseases
Painless

Cons:
Possible harm/death to embryo
Possible long term affects

Question 37

Positives and negatives for the process of adult stem cells

Answer 37

Pros:
It is a safe process
Peoceeded a lot of times so it is trusted

Cons:
Possible infection
Process is painful

Question 38

What are two properties of stem cells

Answer 38

Can replicate many times, has the potential to become specialised

Question 39

Where are stem cells found in plants

Answer 39

The meristems of a plant