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Biology > B3 Organisation And Digestion > Flashcards

B3 Organisation And Digestion Flashcards

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1
Q

What is a cell

A

The basic building blocks of life

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2
Q

What are the snaller parts if the cells called

A

Organelles

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3
Q

What is a tissue

A

A group of cells of the same type

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4
Q

What is an organ

A

A group of tissues that work together to perform a function

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5
Q

What is an organ system

A

A group of organs that work together in a body to complete a complex function

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6
Q

What is the circulatory system

A

It is made up of blood vessels that carry blood from and to the heart

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7
Q

Why is the circulatory system important

A

Because it transports blood around the body, this carries oxygen and glucose around your body

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8
Q

How many organ systems are needed to make up an organism

A

11 organ systems

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9
Q

Why is the nervous system important

A

It helps all parts of the body to communicate with eachother

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10
Q

What does the digestive system do

A

It breaks down large molecules of food into small molecules to be absorbed into the blood

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11
Q

What is the function of the mouth in the digestive system

A

It is the furst part of digestion, the teeth rip and chew up the food into smaller pieces, at the same time the salivary glands will produce saliva which contains enzymes which helps digest the food

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12
Q

What is the function of the oesophagus in the digestive system

A

The oesophegus links the throat to the stomach and is surrounded by a ring of muscles that can contract and relax at different times to push the food slowly towards the stomach

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13
Q

What is the function of the large intestine

A

The large intestine contains undigested food. Excess waste is absorbed from the blood

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14
Q

What is the function of the liver in the digsetive sytem

A

Bile is produced in the liver and the role of bile is to neutralise the stomach acid and emulsify fats

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15
Q

What is the function of the pancreas in the digestive system

A

Produces enzymes that are released into the small intestine to help digest the food

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16
Q

What is the function of the rectum in the digestive sytem

A

This is where the leftover food is stored before they are passed out of the anus

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17
Q

What is the function of the small intestine

A

breaks down food, absorb nutrients needed for the body, and get rid of the unnecessary components

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18
Q

What is the function of the stomach in the digestive system

A

holds the food and mixes it with acid and enzymes that continue to break the food down into a liquid or paste

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19
Q

How do you prepare a solution of the food you are testing in a food test

A

Crush the food using a pestle
Add a few drops of distilled water
Filter the contents through the funnel and filter paper into a boiling tube

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20
Q

what colour does the IODINE solution turn if STARCH is present

A

If solution turns blue-black, starch is present

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21
Q

What colour does the ETHANOL solutuon turn if LIPIDS are present

A

The solution will turn cloudy if it contains lipids

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22
Q

What colour does the BENEDICTS solution turn if SUGAR is present

A

If the solution turns green the food contains some sugar however if it turns orange-red it contains lots of sugar

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23
Q

What colour does the BIURET solution turn if PROTEIN is present

A

If the solution turns purple protein is present

24
Q

Why do scientists need to find out what different nutrients food contain

A

So they have a better understanding how they react with one another when theyre processed

25
Q

What are enzymes

A

Enzymes are proteins that act as biological catalysts

26
Q

What do enzymes do

A

They speed up reactions but are not used up by the process

27
Q

What are enzymes involved in

A

Building new molecules
Breaking down molecules

28
Q

Why do enzymes work faster at HIGH temperatures

A

Because the enzyme and substrate molecules have more energy so they collide more often which increases the rate of the reaction

29
Q

What happens to enzymes if the temperature is too high and why

A

The enzyme becomes denatured because the shape of the active site changes so the substrate molecule can no longer fit in the active site

30
Q

What is the name of chemical found in food

A

Nutrients

31
Q

What are the three types of carbohydrates

A

Sugar, starch, fibre

32
Q

What is the function of sugar (carbohydrate)

A

Gives us energy

33
Q

What is tefunction of fibre (carbohydrates)

A

Prevents constipation

34
Q

What is the function of starch (carbohydrates)

A

Gives us energy

35
Q

What are carbohydrates made up of

A

Small chains of sugars like glucose

36
Q

What enzyme digests carbohydrates

A

Carbohydrase enzyme

37
Q

What is the function of proteins in our diet

A

Protein is for growth and repair of body tissues

38
Q

What are proteins made up of

A

Long chains of amino acids

39
Q

Where are proteins digested

A

Small intestine and stomach

40
Q

What is the name of the enzyme that digests protein

A

Protease

41
Q

What is the function of fats in our diet

A

To give us energy and provide us insulation

42
Q

Where are fats digested

A

Small intestine

43
Q

What is the name of the enzyme that breaks down fats

A

Lipase

44
Q

What is another way of saying fats

A

Lipids

45
Q

Where are enzymes made

A

Pancreas

46
Q

What is the name of the specific shape of the enzyme that binds the substrate molecule

A

Active site

47
Q

When enzymes and substrate molecules combine what is formed

A

An enzyme-substrate complex

48
Q

What is the optimum temperature for enzymes in the body

A

37-40 degrees

49
Q

What is the formula to calculate the rate of enzyme action

A

1/time taken

50
Q

What pumps deoxygentaed blood to the lungs

A

Right ventricle

51
Q

What does the right ventricle pump and to where

A

Deoxygenated blood to the lungs

52
Q

What pumps oxygenated blood around the whole body

A

Left ventricle

53
Q

What does the left ventricle pump and where to

A

Pumps oxygenated blood around body

54
Q

Why does the heart have valves

A

To make sure the blood pumps in the right direction, prevents it from flowing backwards

55
Q

What are the two places inside the heart that allows blood into it

A

Pulmonary vein and vena carva

Biology (11 decks)

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