B3 Organisation And Digestion Flashcards
What is a cell
The basic building blocks of life
What are the snaller parts if the cells called
Organelles
What is a tissue
A group of cells of the same type
What is an organ
A group of tissues that work together to perform a function
What is an organ system
A group of organs that work together in a body to complete a complex function
What is the circulatory system
It is made up of blood vessels that carry blood from and to the heart
Why is the circulatory system important
Because it transports blood around the body, this carries oxygen and glucose around your body
How many organ systems are needed to make up an organism
11 organ systems
Why is the nervous system important
It helps all parts of the body to communicate with eachother
What does the digestive system do
It breaks down large molecules of food into small molecules to be absorbed into the blood
What is the function of the mouth in the digestive system
It is the furst part of digestion, the teeth rip and chew up the food into smaller pieces, at the same time the salivary glands will produce saliva which contains enzymes which helps digest the food
What is the function of the oesophagus in the digestive system
The oesophegus links the throat to the stomach and is surrounded by a ring of muscles that can contract and relax at different times to push the food slowly towards the stomach
What is the function of the large intestine
The large intestine contains undigested food. Excess waste is absorbed from the blood
What is the function of the liver in the digsetive sytem
Bile is produced in the liver and the role of bile is to neutralise the stomach acid and emulsify fats
What is the function of the pancreas in the digestive system
Produces enzymes that are released into the small intestine to help digest the food
What is the function of the rectum in the digestive sytem
This is where the leftover food is stored before they are passed out of the anus
What is the function of the small intestine
breaks down food, absorb nutrients needed for the body, and get rid of the unnecessary components
What is the function of the stomach in the digestive system
holds the food and mixes it with acid and enzymes that continue to break the food down into a liquid or paste
How do you prepare a solution of the food you are testing in a food test
Crush the food using a pestle
Add a few drops of distilled water
Filter the contents through the funnel and filter paper into a boiling tube
what colour does the IODINE solution turn if STARCH is present
If solution turns blue-black, starch is present
What colour does the ETHANOL solutuon turn if LIPIDS are present
The solution will turn cloudy if it contains lipids
What colour does the BENEDICTS solution turn if SUGAR is present
If the solution turns green the food contains some sugar however if it turns orange-red it contains lots of sugar
What colour does the BIURET solution turn if PROTEIN is present
If the solution turns purple protein is present
Why do scientists need to find out what different nutrients food contain
So they have a better understanding how they react with one another when theyre processed
What are enzymes
Enzymes are proteins that act as biological catalysts
What do enzymes do
They speed up reactions but are not used up by the process
What are enzymes involved in
Building new molecules
Breaking down molecules
Why do enzymes work faster at HIGH temperatures
Because the enzyme and substrate molecules have more energy so they collide more often which increases the rate of the reaction
What happens to enzymes if the temperature is too high and why
The enzyme becomes denatured because the shape of the active site changes so the substrate molecule can no longer fit in the active site
What is the name of chemical found in food
Nutrients
What are the three types of carbohydrates
Sugar, starch, fibre
What is the function of sugar (carbohydrate)
Gives us energy
What is tefunction of fibre (carbohydrates)
Prevents constipation
What is the function of starch (carbohydrates)
Gives us energy
What are carbohydrates made up of
Small chains of sugars like glucose
What enzyme digests carbohydrates
Carbohydrase enzyme
What is the function of proteins in our diet
Protein is for growth and repair of body tissues
What are proteins made up of
Long chains of amino acids
Where are proteins digested
Small intestine and stomach
What is the name of the enzyme that digests protein
Protease
What is the function of fats in our diet
To give us energy and provide us insulation
Where are fats digested
Small intestine
What is the name of the enzyme that breaks down fats
Lipase
What is another way of saying fats
Lipids
Where are enzymes made
Pancreas
What is the name of the specific shape of the enzyme that binds the substrate molecule
Active site
When enzymes and substrate molecules combine what is formed
An enzyme-substrate complex
What is the optimum temperature for enzymes in the body
37-40 degrees
What is the formula to calculate the rate of enzyme action
1/time taken
What pumps deoxygentaed blood to the lungs
Right ventricle
What does the right ventricle pump and to where
Deoxygenated blood to the lungs
What pumps oxygenated blood around the whole body
Left ventricle
What does the left ventricle pump and where to
Pumps oxygenated blood around body
Why does the heart have valves
To make sure the blood pumps in the right direction, prevents it from flowing backwards
What are the two places inside the heart that allows blood into it
Pulmonary vein and vena carva
