B2.7 Cell division and Inheritance Flashcards
How are chromosomes normally arranged in body cells?
In pairs.
What is the name of the type of cell division seen in body cells?
Mitosis.
What do chromosomes contain?
Genetic information.
What first happens to the genetic material when a body cell divides?
It is copied.
How many times does a body cell divide?
Once.
How does the genetic information of a new cell, produced by a body cell dividing, compare with the original cell?
They are identical.
How many sets of chromosomes does a human body cell have?
2.
How many sets of chromosomes do sex cells have?
1.
What is another term for ‘sex cells’?
Gametes.
What is the name of the type of cell division that produces gametes?
Meiosis.
What first happens to the genetic material when a cell divides to form gametes?
Copies of the genetic material are made.
How many divisions does an original cell go through to produce sex cells?
2.
How many sets of chromosomes do these gametes contain?
1.
How does the genetic information of gametes compare to the original cell?
They have half of the information.
What happens at fertilisation?
Gametes join to form single body cell with a new pair of chromosomes.
What type of cell division happens once an egg has been fertilised?
Mitosis.
Why do mature animals cells divide?
To repair and replace old cells.
Where do humans stem cells come from?
Embryos and adult bone marrow.
What can human stem cells have the ability to do?
Develop into any type of human cell.
When do animals cells differentiate compared to plant cells?
Animal cells differentiate at early stages, whereas many plants cells retain the ability to differentiate throughout life.
How many pairs of chromosomes are these in a human body cell?
23 pairs.
