B2.7 Cell division and Inheritance

Question 1

How are chromosomes normally arranged in body cells?

Answer 1

In pairs.

Question 2

What is the name of the type of cell division seen in body cells?

Answer 2

Mitosis.

Question 3

What do chromosomes contain?

Answer 3

Genetic information.

Question 4

What first happens to the genetic material when a body cell divides?

Answer 4

It is copied.

Question 5

How many times does a body cell divide?

Answer 5

Once.

Question 6

How does the genetic information of a new cell, produced by a body cell dividing, compare with the original cell?

Answer 6

They are identical.

Question 7

How many sets of chromosomes does a human body cell have?

Answer 7

2.

Question 8

How many sets of chromosomes do sex cells have?

Answer 8

1.

Question 9

What is another term for ‘sex cells’?

Answer 9

Gametes.

Question 10

What is the name of the type of cell division that produces gametes?

Answer 10

Meiosis.

Question 11

What first happens to the genetic material when a cell divides to form gametes?

Answer 11

Copies of the genetic material are made.

Question 12

How many divisions does an original cell go through to produce sex cells?

Answer 12

2.

Question 13

How many sets of chromosomes do these gametes contain?

Answer 13

1.

Question 14

How does the genetic information of gametes compare to the original cell?

Answer 14

They have half of the information.

Question 15

What happens at fertilisation?

Answer 15

Gametes join to form single body cell with a new pair of chromosomes.

Question 16

What type of cell division happens once an egg has been fertilised?

Answer 16

Mitosis.

Question 17

Why do mature animals cells divide?

Answer 17

To repair and replace old cells.

Question 18

Where do humans stem cells come from?

Answer 18

Embryos and adult bone marrow.

Question 19

What can human stem cells have the ability to do?

Answer 19

Develop into any type of human cell.

Question 20

When do animals cells differentiate compared to plant cells?

Answer 20

Animal cells differentiate at early stages, whereas many plants cells retain the ability to differentiate throughout life.

Question 21

How many pairs of chromosomes are these in a human body cell?

Answer 21

23 pairs.