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Biology > B2 - DNA > Flashcards

B2 - DNA Flashcards

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1
Q

What is DNA?

A

Deoxyribonucleic Acid

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2
Q

What is a haploid?

A

A cell with 1 set of chromosomes

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3
Q

What is a diploid?

A

A cell with 2 sets of chromosomes

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4
Q

What type of genetic material is DNA?

A

Type A

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5
Q

What type of genetic Material is RNA?

A

Type B

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6
Q

What is RNA?

A

Ribonucleic Acid

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7
Q

What is a gene?

A

A length of DNA that gives instructions to make a polypeptide protein

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8
Q

What three biological molecules are types of proteins?

A

Haemoglobin
Enzymes
Insulin

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9
Q

What is an amino Acid?

A

Large complex molecules made up of lots of smaller units

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10
Q

What three chemicals are nucleotides made up of?

A

Phosphate, sugar, base

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11
Q

What are the 5 possible bases and their letters?

A 
A - Adenine
T - Thymine
G - Guanine
C - Cytosine
U - Uracil
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12
Q

What are the pairs of complimentary bases for DNA?

What are the pairs of complimentary bases for RNA?

A

C,G - A,T

A-U - C-G

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13
Q

What are complimentary base pairs held together by?

A

Hydrogen Bonds

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14
Q

Why is DNA described as double helixed?

A

Because they we made up of two strands that cool and twist around each other

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15
Q

How are polypeptides formed?

A

A chain of amino acids joined together

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16
Q

What were the two scientific fields involved in the discovery of DNA?

A

X ray crystallography - Rosalind Franklin

Biochemists - Watson and Crick

17
Q

What is the human genome project?

A

A huge scientific project that was completed in 2001

It involved scientists from different countries working together

The aim was to sequence all the bases in human DNA

As a result this enabled all genes to be identified

18
Q

Benefits of the human genome project?

A

You can all identify faulty genes/alleles that can cause health problems e.g. Cystic fibrosis, cancer and heart disease

It can enable gene therapy where faulty alleles are replaced

19
Q

Drawbacks of the human genome project:

A

The information would need to be handled carefully for example, banks, employers, insurance companies may be influenced

If they received this information about people’s health conditions it could have a negative impact on them, e.g. Getting a job

Biology (14 decks)

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