B: Eukaryotic cells

Question 1

Plasma membrane

Answer 1

Physically separates intracellular and extracellular components
Controls movement in and out of cell
Cell signalling
Made of phospholipids bilayer with proteins and cholesterol
Selectively permeable

Question 2

Mitochondria

Answer 2

Two bilayer membranes
Has its own DNA and mtDNA which encodes some of its own proteins.

Question 3

Lysosomes

Answer 3

Digest excess/worn out organelles, engulfed viruses/bacteria
Interior of lysosomes is very acidic

Question 4

Nucleus

Answer 4

Houses DNA and RNA synthesis
Has two membranes called nuclear envelope
Nuclear envelope has nuclear pores
Outer nuclear membrane contiguous with RER
Nucleolus is site of ribosomal RNA and ribosome biosynthesis - has no membrane.

Question 5

Endoplasmic reticulum

Answer 5

Site for lipid, membrane and secretory protein synthesis.
Smooth ER - Fatty acid + phospholipid biosynthesis and detoxification
Rough ER - protein synthesis

Question 6

Golgi complex

Answer 6

Processes + packages proteins from cis - medial - trans Golgi
Secretory vesicles bud off trans golgi and go to their final destination

Question 7

Peroxisomes

Answer 7

High amounts of catalase to break down peroxide

Question 8

Cytoskeleton

Answer 8

Has proteins that form microfilaments, intermediate filaments + tubules.