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FM1010 > A: Back of hand > Flashcards

A: Back of hand Flashcards

1
Q

Monteggia’s fracture

A

Result of force from behind ulna
Proximal ulna is fractured, head of radius dislocated anteriorly at elbow

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2
Q

Galeazzi’s fracture

A

Fracture of distal radius
Head of ulna dislocates at distal radio-ulnar joint

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3
Q

Colles fracture

A

Fracture + posterior displacement of distal radius
From falling onto outstretched hand
‘Dinner fork deformity’

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4
Q

What ligaments are present in wrist joint

A

Palmar radiocarpal ligament, dorsal radiocarpal ligament, ulnar collateral ligament, radial collateral ligament.

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5
Q

Type of joints in carpometacarpal

A

Joints between carpal + metacarpal bones are plane synovial, except thumb which is saddle synovial.

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6
Q

Extensor digitorum (origin, insertion, nerve supply, action)

A
  • Common extensor origin
  • Via extensor hoods into base of middle + distal phalanges.
  • Radial
  • Extends finger at PIP and DIP, MP joint + wrist
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7
Q

Extensor digiti minimi

A
  • Common extensor origin
  • Extensor hood of little finger
  • Radial
  • Extends little finger
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8
Q

Extendor indicis

A
  • Posterior surface of ulna
  • Extensor hood of index finger
  • Radial
  • Extends index finger
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9
Q

Abductor pollicis longus

A
  • Posterior surface of ulna + radius
  • Base of 1st metacarpal
  • Radial
  • Abducts thumb at CMC joint
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10
Q

Extensor pollicis brevis

A
  • Middle 1/3 radius + interosseous membrane
  • Base of proximal phalanx of thumb
  • Radial
  • Extends thumb at MP + CMC joint
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11
Q

Extensor pollicis longus

A
  • Middle 1/3 ulna + interosseous membrane
  • Base of distal phalanx of thumb
  • Radial
  • Extends all joints of thumb
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12
Q

Extensor carpi radialis longus

A
  • lateral aspect of lower humerus
  • base of 2nd metacarpal
  • radial
  • Extend + abduct wrist
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13
Q

Extensor carpi radialis brevis

A
  • Common extensor origin
  • Base of 2nd and 3rd metacarpal
  • Radial
  • Extends + abducts wrist
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14
Q

Extensor carpi ulnaris

A
  • common extensor origin + upper ulna
  • Base of 5th metacarpal
  • Radial (posterior interosseous branch)
  • Extends and adducts wrist
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15
Q

Brachioradialis

A
  • Lateral side of lower humerus
  • Lower part of radius just above styloid process
  • Radial
  • Flexes elbow
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16
Q

Supinator

A
  • Superficial part: common extensor origin, Deep part: crest of ulna
  • Upper part of radius
  • Radial
  • Supination
17
Q

Deep branch of radial nerve:

A

supplies supinator, extensor carpi ulnaris + all extensors of fingers.
Emerges as posterios interosseous nerve to run between superficial + deep muscles of posterior compartment in arm.

18
Q

Superficial branch of radial nerve

A

-Supplies skin of lateral. 2/3 dorsum of hand + dorsal aspects of lateral 3.5 ingers.

19
Q

Injury to radial nerve in axilla

A
  • Paralysis of extensor muscles in upper limb
  • Cannot extend wrist and MP joints as muscles of posterior compartment paralysed
  • IP joints of fingers can be extended
  • Paralysis of triceps = cannot extend elbow.
  • Numbness of dorsal aspect of arm, proximal parts of lateral 3.5 digits
20
Q

Injury to radial nerve in spiral groove

A
  • Paralysis of muscles in posterior compartment of forearm - supination impaired, cannot extend wrist at MP joint. Interossei and lumbricals supplied by media and ulnar nerves, so IP joints can be extended.
  • Loss of sensation on dorsal aspect of hand + proximal parts of lateral 3.5 digits.
21
Q

Posterior superficial muscles

A

ECRB ECRL ECU ED B

22
Q

Posterior deep muscles

A

Supinator, EPB EPL EI APL

23
Q

Superficial muscles in back of forearm

A
  • Extensor carpi radialis brevis
  • Extensor digitorum
  • Extensor digiti minimi
  • Extensor carpi ulnaris
  • Brachioradialis
  • Extensor carpi radialis longus
24
Q

Deep muscles in back of forearm

A
  • Abductor pollicus longus
  • Extensor pollicus brevis
  • Extensor pollicus longus
  • Extensor indicis
  • supinator
25
Q

A man has pain on the lateral side of his elbow following a
weekend of gardening. On examination, the area of the lateral epicondyle of humerus is tender. You suspect a localized tearing of the origin of a muscle. What muscles originate here?

A

Extensor digitorum, Extensor digiti minimi, Extensor carpi radialis brevis, Extensor carpi ulnaris, Supinator.

26
Q

When is the radial nerve vulnerable to injury?

A

Fracture of midshaft of humerus (spiral groove)
Fracture and dislocation of proximal humerus.
Excessive pressure in axilla eg arm over chairback: ‘Saturday night
palsy’

27
Q

What is the function of the articular disc at the wrist joint?

A

The articular disc binds radius and ulna together during movement. It separates the joint cavity of distal radio-ulnar joint from cavity of wrist (radio-carpal) joint. Different movements take place at each joint.

FM1010 (50 decks)

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