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FM1010 > A: Pectoral region, back, arm > Flashcards

A: Pectoral region, back, arm Flashcards

1
Q

Trapezius (origin, insertion, action, nerve supply)

A
  • Occipital bone of skull, ligament over vertebrae of neck, spine of 7th cervical and all thoracic vertebrae
  • lateral 1/3 clavicle, acromion of scapula, spine of scapula
  • Elevates shoulder, retracts scapula on thoracic wall, upwards rotation of scapula
  • Motor = accessory nerve. Sensory = upper cervical nerves
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2
Q

Levator sculpae

A
  • Upper cervical vertebrae
  • Medial border of scapula above root of scapular spine
  • Elevates scapula
  • Cervical nerves
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3
Q

Rhomboid minor

A
  • Lower cervical + upper thoracic vertebrae
  • Medial margin of scapula at root of scapular spine
  • Retracts and elevates scapula
  • Brachial plexus
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4
Q

Rhomboid major

A
  • Upper thoracic vertebrae
  • Medial border of scapula below root of scapular spine
  • Retracts and elevates scapula
  • Brachial plexus
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5
Q

Serratus anterior

A
  • Slips from lateral surface of 1st to 8th ribs
  • Medial border of scapula
  • Protracts scapula, rotates scapula upwards, holds medial border of scapula against thoracic wall
  • Long thoracic nerve from brachial plexus
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6
Q

Pectoralis minor

A
  • Anterior surface of upper ribs
  • Coracoid process of scapula
  • Protracts scapula
  • Medial pectoral nerve of brachial plexus
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7
Q

Subclavius

A
  • 1st rib
  • Inferior surface of clavicle
  • Pulls clavicle towards sternum, stabilizes sternoclavicular joint
  • Nerve to subclavius from brachial plexus
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8
Q

Pectoralis major

A
  • Medial clavicle, sternum, upper ribs, aponeurosis of external oblique muscle of abdomen
  • Bicipital groove
  • Shoulder joint: adduction, medial rotation, flexion, extends flexed arm.
  • Medial + lateral pectoral nerves
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9
Q

Latissimus dorsi

A
  • Spinous processes of lower thoracic vertebrae, lower ribs, lumbodorsal fascia, iliac crest.
  • Bicipital groove
  • Adduction, extension, medial rotation
  • Thoracodorsal nerve
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10
Q

Deltoid

A
  • lateral 1/3 clavicle, acromion of scapula, spine of scapula
  • Deltoid tuberosity of humerus
  • Abduction, flexion and medial rotation, extension, lateral rotation
  • Axillary nerve
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11
Q

Supraspinatus

A
  • Supraspinous fossa of scapula
  • Blend with capsule of shoulder joint and greater tubercle of humerus.
  • Stabilization of shoulder joint, initiates of arm
  • Brachial plexus
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12
Q

Infraspinatus

A
  • Infraspinous fossa of scapula
  • Blend with capsule of shoulder joint and greater tubercle of humerus.
  • Stabilization of shoulder joint, lateral rotation
  • Brachial plexus
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13
Q

Teres minor

A
  • Posterior surface scapula near lateral border
  • Blend with capsule of shoulder joint and greater tubercle of humerus.
  • Stabilization of shoulder joint, lateral rotation
  • Axillary nerve
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14
Q

Subscapularis

A
  • Anterior surface of scapula
  • Blend with capsule of shoulder joint and lesser tubercle of humerus.
  • Stabilization of shoulder, medial rotation
  • Brachial plexus
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15
Q

Teres major

A
  • Posterior surface inferior angle of scapula
  • Bicipital groove
  • Adduction, extension, medial rotation
  • Brachial plexus
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16
Q

Axillary nerve journey

A
  • Exits axilla with posterior cirumflex humeral artery, passes through quadrangular space.
    Passes posteriorly around surgical neck of humerus deep to deltoid. Supplies deltoid, teres minor and skin over upper part of lateral arm.
17
Q

How can axillary nerve be damaged

A

Inferior dislocation of head of humerus or fracture of surgical neck of humerus.

18
Q

Quadrangular space syndrome

A

Compression of axillary nerve as it passes through, can occur from enlargement of muscles bounding space.
Causes weakness in teres minor and deltoid.

19
Q

Cubital fossa boundaries

A

Superior = Imaginary line connecting medial and lateral epicondyles
Lateral = brachioradialis muscle
Medial = pronator teres
Floor = brachialis and supinator
Roof = bicipital aponeurosis

20
Q

Contents of cubital fossa

A

TAN
Brachii Tendon
Brachial Artery
Median nerve

21
Q

Bicep long head

A

Supraglenoid tubercle of scapula
Radial tuberosity
Flexion of elbow, supination, flexion of arm
Musculocutaneous

22
Q

Bicep short head

A

Coracoid process
Radial tuberosity
Flexion of elbow, supination, flexion of arm
Musculocutaneous

23
Q

Coracobrachialis

A

Coracoid process
Medial side of middle of humeral shaft
Flexion of arm at shoulder joint
Musculocutaneous

24
Q

Brachialis

A

Distal half of anterior surface of humerus
Coronoid process & tuberosity of ulna
Flexion of forearm at elbow
Musculocutaneous

25
Q

Tricep long head

A

Infraglenoid tubercle of scapula
Olecranon process of ulna
Extension of forearm, extension + adduction arm.
Radial
Resists dislocation of humerus

26
Q

Tricep lateral head

A

Posterior surface of humerus superior to spinal groove
Olecranon process of ulna
Extension of forearm, extension + adduction arm.
Radial

27
Q

Tricep medial head

A

Posterior surface of humerus inferior to spinal groove
Olecranon process of ulna
Extension of forearm, extension + adduction arm.
Radial

28
Q

Musculocutaneous nerve path

A

Leaves axilla passes through coracobrachialis
Passes distally between biceps + brachialis
Supplies BBC
Emerges on lateral aspect of tendon of biceps brachii and continues as lateral cutaneous nerve

29
Q

Median nerve

A

Leaves axilla and passes through anterior compartment
Lies lateral to brachial artery in proximal arm
Lies medial to brachial artery in distal arm
Passes through cubital fossa

30
Q

Ulnar nerve

A

Leaves axilla and passes through anterior compartment medial to brachial artery
In middle of arm, pierces medial intermuscular septum and enters posterior compartment
Passes posterior to medial epicondyle of humerus + then into anterior compartment

31
Q

Radial nerve

A

In axilla, posterior to axillary artery
Enters posterior compartment medial to humerus between long head of triceps and brachial artery
Goes from medial to lateral and enters spiral groove
When reaches lateral border of humerus, it enters anterior compartment of arm and lies deep to brachioradialis
Divides anterior to lateral epicondyle into terminal branches

32
Q

Supracondylar fracture of humerus

A
  • Transverse fracture of distal humerus above two epicondyles
  • Distal bone fragment displaced posteriorly, damaging cubital fossa contents
  • Brachial artery may be obstructed
33
Q

Consequences of loss of function of trapezius

A

Drooping of shoulder (shoulder held in lower position than opposite) Unable to shrug shoulder (raise tip of shoulder)
Difficulty raising arm above the head / abduction above horizontal
(rotating scapulae upwards)
Difficulty retracting shoulder (retraction of scapula)

34
Q

Identify this bony feature

A

Suprascapular notch of right scapula

FM1010 (50 decks)

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