A: Lower limb muscles, blood vessels, nerves Flashcards
Sartorius (origin, insertion, action, nerve supply)
- Anterior superior iliac spine
- Upper part of medial surface tibia
- Flexes hip, flexes knee
- Femoral nerve
Iliacus (iliopsoas) (origin, insertion, action, nerve supply)
- Iliac fossa
- Runs into thigh posterior to inguinal ligament. With psoas major it inserts into lesser trochanter of femur.
- Flexes hip
- Lumbar plexis (lies within psoas major)
Psoas major - part of iliopsoas (origin, insertion, action, nerve supply)
- Transverse process, bodies & intervertebral discs of T12-L5
- Runs into the thigh posterior to inguinal ligament. Inserts into lesser trochanter of femur with iliacus
- Flexes hip, forward + lateral flexion of lumbar spine
- Lumbar plexus
Rectus femoris (origin, insertion, action, nerve supply)
- Hip bone
- Quadriceps tendon into patella and into tibial tuberosity via patellar tendon
- Extension of knee, flexion at hip
- Femoral nerve
Vastus lateralis (origin, insertion, action, nerve supply)
- Posterolateral aspect of shaft of femur
- Quadriceps tendon into patella and into tibial tuberosity via patellar tendon
- Extension of knee
- Femoral nerve
Vastus medialis
- Posteromedial aspect of shaft of femur
- Quadriceps tendon into patella and into tibial tuberosity via patellar tendon
- Extension of knee
- Femoral nerve
Vastus intermedius
- Anterior aspect of the shaft of the femur
- Quadriceps tendon into patella and into tibial tuberosity via patellar ligament
- Extension of knee
- Femoral nerve
Adductor magnus
- Adductor part: ischiopubic ramus. Hamstring part: Ischial tuberosity
- Entire length of linea aspera, adductor tubercle of femur
- Adduction at hip, medial rotation at hip
- Adductor part: obturator nerve. Hamstring part: sciatic nerve
Adductor longus
- Body of pubic bone
- Middle 1/3 of linea aspera of femur
- Adduction at hip, medial rotation at hip
- Obturator nerve
Adductor brevis
- inferior pubic ramus
- upper 1/3 linea aspera of femur
- Adduction at hip, medial rotation at hip
- Obturator nerve
Gracilis
- Inferior pubic ramus
- Medial surface of upper part of tibia
- Adduction at hip, flexion at knee
- Obturator nerve
Pectineus
- Superior pubic ramus
- upper end of shaft of femur
- Flexion + adduction of hip
- Femoral nerve
Obturator externus
- External surface of obturator membrane + adjacent bone
- Passes posteriorly + laterally around neck of femur to insert into trochantric fossa of femur
- Lateral rotation at hip joint, stabilizes hip joint
- Obturator nerve
Boundaries of femoral triangle
Inguinal ligament = superior
Sartorius = lateral
Medial border of adductor longus = medial
Floor of femoral triangle
Iliopsoas, pectineus, adductor longus muscles.
Contents of femoral triangle from lateral to medial
Femoral nerve
Femoral sheath containing femoral artery, vein and femoral canal (with lymph nodes).
What is the thickening of fascia on the lateral side of leg called?
Iliotibial tract
What is the thickening of fascia on the lateral side of leg called?
Iliotibial tract
Boundaries of femoral ring
Medial = lacunar ligament
Lateral = femoral vein
Anterior = inguinal ligament
Posterior = pectineus muscle
Lumbar plexus
Anterior rami of L1-L3 and a part of L4.
What does the saphenous nerve innervate?
Skin on anterior and medial aspect of leg + medial side of foot.
What does the obturator nerve innervate?
- All muscles of medial compartment except hamstring part of adductor magnus (sciatic) and pectineus (femoral)
- Obturator externus
- Hip + knee joints –> can cause referred pain (pain felt in a cutaneous site innervated by same segment of brain stem.
- Skin on medial side of upper thigh –> can cause referred pain from pelvic inflammation
What can compression of lateral cutaneous nerve of thigh cause?
Meralgia paresthetica –> tingling, numbness + burning pain on outer thigh.
Anastomosis around hip joint
Alternative circulating if artery is obstructed. Involves branches of inferior gluteal artery, medial + lateral circumflex femoral artery + 1st perforating branch of deep femoral artery.
Superficial inguinal LN
Receive lymph drainage from entire lower limb.
Horizontal group: drain anterior abdominal wall below umbilicus + perineum.
Vertical group: Drain lower limb.
Deep inguinal LN
Receive drainage from deep tissues of lower limb.
Vascular supply to hip joint
Medial + lateral circumflex femoral branches of femoral artery. Medial is main blood supply.
Avascular necrosis
If femoral head is fractured, there man be inadequate blood supply through acetabular branch of obturator artery.
