A: Histology of nerves

Question 1

Names of bundles of processes (axons + dendrits) in PNS and CNS?

Answer 1

Tracts in CNS
Nerves in PNS

Question 2

Neuron cell body

Answer 2

• Perikaryon (cytoplasm in neuron cell body)
• Many mitochondria
• Nissl bodies are clusters of RER at base of dendrites + axon hillock
• Neurofilaments (bundles of intermediate filaments that provide shape)
• Microtubules for transport
• Axon hillock (cone shaped area where axon arises)

Question 3

Types of synapses:

Answer 3

Axodendritic: Axon from one neuron meets dendrites of another neuron.
Axosomatic: Axon of one neuron meets nerve cell body of another neuron
Axoaxonic: Axon meets axon

Question 4

Epineurium

Answer 4

Outer covering: surrounds entire nerve

Question 5

Perineurium

Answer 5

Surrounds each nerve fascicle (group of axons)

Question 6

Endoneurium

Answer 6

Surrounds each nerve fibre

Question 7

Identify structures

Answer 7

F = fascicle
E = epineurium
P = perineurium
V = blood vessel

Question 8

Identify structures

Answer 8

M = myelinated axon
N = non-myelinated axon
S = schwann cell
Mi = mitochondria
F = fibroblasts of endoneurium

Question 9

Multiple sclerosis

Answer 9

Multiple Sclerosis is an autoimmune disease that destroys myelin sheaths, so impulse conduction slows and eventually ceases.

Question 10

Identify

Answer 10

Ganglion

Question 11

Identify

Answer 11

Glial cell

Question 12

Identify

Answer 12

neurone

Question 13

Identify

Answer 13

satellite cell

Question 14

Identify

Answer 14

Node of ranvier

Question 15

Identify

Answer 15

Glial

Question 16

Identify 23 and what substance is found in b

Answer 16

Perineum
Epineurium

Question 17

Identify

Answer 17

Astrocyte

Question 18

Identify

Answer 18

Microglia

Question 19

Identify

Answer 19

Ependymal cells

Question 20

Axon

Answer 20

• Arises from axon hillock
  
  • Transmits impulses away from cell body
  • Neurofilaments + microtubules provide strength
    Branches at end of axon called terminal boutons.

Question 21

Astrocyte

Answer 21

• Recycle + absorb neurotransmitters
• Maintain BBB
• Regulate nutrient, ion and dissolved gas concentrations
• Provide structural support
• Form scar tissue
• ## line pia mater, forming glia limitans, which is an impermeable barrier.

Question 22

Oligodendrocytes

Answer 22

• Form myelin sheaths around axons - which are an insulating layer to increase speed of action potential in CNS

Question 23

Microglia

Answer 23

Microglia are small phagocytes
- Migrate towards injured neurons
Engulf invading organisms & dead neurons.

Question 24

Ependymal cells

Answer 24

Ependymal cells: line cerebrospinal fluid-filled cavities - called ventricles.
Fluid is called cerebrospinal fluid, is constantly circulating. Cells have cilia to help movement of fluid.

Question 25

Schwann cell

Answer 25

Schwann cells surround axons producing myelin in the peripheral nervous system. Each Schwann cells surrounds one axon.

Question 26

Identify

Answer 26

Nissl bodies

Question 27

Identify

Answer 27

Neurone

Question 28

Identify

Answer 28

Myelin sheath

Question 29

Identify

Answer 29

dendrite

Question 30

Identify

Answer 30

axon

Question 31

Identify

Answer 31

Axon hilloc

Question 32

Identify

Answer 32

Ganglion

Question 33

Identify

Answer 33

Nissl bodies

Question 34

Identify

Answer 34

Ependymal cell

Question 35

Identify

Answer 35

Astrocyte