A: Spot exam Qs Flashcards
When is the thoracodorsal nerve at risk of injury?
Injury to axilla, mastectomy, surgical removal of lymph nodes.
Where is the most common site to fracture clavicle?
Middle third
What ligament is attached to coracoid process?
Coracoclavicular ligament.
When is pectoralis major used for normal breathing?
If patient is asthmatic so needs extra muscles to breathe quietly.
What are the consequences of loss of function in serratus anterior?
- Winging of scapula (cannot hold medial border of scapula against thoracic wall)
- Difficulty raising arm above head (rotating scapula upwards)
- Difficulty reaching forward (protraction of scapula).
What are the muscles that depress the scapula?
pectoralis minor, trapezius.
List the muscles that elevate the scapula
Trapezius, levator scapulae, rhomboid minor, rhomboid major
Which muscles rotate scapula upwards?
Lower serratus anterior, trapezius.
How can you test the functioning of the accessory nerve in a patient?
Ask them to shrug their shoulder against resistance.
When is the long thoracic nerve at risk of injury?
Injury to thoracic wall (e.g. knife wound), mastectomy.
What is the main ligament which stabilises the acromioclavicular (AC) joint i.e. prevents dislocation?
Coracoclavicular ligament.
What is this?
Xiphoid process of sternum
What is this?
Xiphoid process of sternum
Label
1= Suprascapular artery + nerve
2 = Thoracodorsal artery + nerve
3 = Subscapularis muscle
4 = Teres major muscle
5 = Axillary nerve and posterior circumflex humeral artery
6 = Biceps brachii tendon
7 = Subscapularis tendon
8 = Supraspinatus tendon
Label
1 = Common flexor tendon
2 = Pronator teres muscle
3 = Flexor carpi radialis muscle
4 = Palmaris longus muscle
5 = Flexor carpi ulnaris muscle
6 = Flexor digitorium superficialis muscle
7 = Flexor pollici longus muscle and tendon
8 = bicipital aponeurosis
Label
1 = Trapezius
2 = Deltoid
3 = Cephalic vein
4 = Flexor carpi radialis tendon
5 = Palmaris longus tendon
6 = Basilic vein
7 = Extensor carpi radialis brevis muscle
8 = Extensor carpi ulnaris muscle
What muscles insert into the bicipital groove?
Pectoralis major, latissimus dorsi, teres major,
Where is the midpalmar space located?
Space between the fibrous septum attaching the palmar aponeurosis to the 3rd and 5th metacarpal bones.
At what location does the subclavian vein end?
Behind sternoclavicular joint
A patient is bleeding severely from the UL. Where can you apply pressure to control the bleeding? Explain.
Press over 1st rib, in the inferior part of posterior triangle of the neck to occlude the subclavian artery.
An attempt is made to catheterize the subclavian vein of a patient by
entering the vein below the clavicle. What nerve lies immediately deep to the vein and is at risk of injury? What would be the consequences to the patient of injury?
Phrenic - breathing difficulty
Name the nerves and vessels that lie posterior and anterior to the anterior scalene muscle.
Anterior: Subclavian vein + Phrenic nerve (lies immediately posterior to the vein)
Posterior: Roots of brachial plexus
What is the axillary sheath?
A covering of connective tissue which forms a sleeve enclosing the
axillary artery, vein and cords of brachial plexus.
Where is median nerve vulnerable to injury?
Wrist - laceration
Carpal tunnel
Cubital fossa
Identify this muscle
First dorsal interosseous muscle
Identify this vessel. Name its main source of blood and branches from this vessel
Deep palmar arch
Radial artery
Palmar metacarpal arteries
