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FM1010 > A: Leg + foot > Flashcards

A: Leg + foot Flashcards

1
Q

What movement is available at intertarsal joints?

A

Inversion/ eversion

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2
Q

What movement is available at MTP + IP joints

A

Flexion/extension + adduction/ abduction

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3
Q

Muscles in anterior compartment of leg

A
  • Fibularis tertius
  • Tibialis anterior
  • Extensor digitorum longus
  • Extensor hallucis longus (big toe)
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4
Q

What movement do the muscles in the anterior compartment of leg cause

A

Dorsi flexion

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5
Q

Superficial muscles in posterior compartment of leg + what movement do they cause

A
  • Gastrocnemius
  • Plantaris
  • Soleus
    Plantar flexion
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6
Q

Deep muscles in posterior compartment of leg

A
  • Popliteus
  • Flexor digitorum longus
  • Tibialis posterior
  • Flexor hallucis longus
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7
Q

Structures that pass behind medial malleolus + into flexor retinaculum

A
  • Tibialis posterior
  • Flexor digitorum longus
  • Posterior tibial artery
  • Posterior tibial vein
  • Posterior tibial nerve
  • Flexor hallicus longus
    Tom Dick And Very Naughty Harry
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8
Q

Innervation of muscles in posterior compartment of leg

A

Tibial nerve

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9
Q

Lateral compartment muscles in leg + their movement

A
  • Fibularis longus
  • Fibularis brevis
    These muscles cause eversion.
    Fibularis longus + brevis pass behind the lateral malleolus and into the fibular retinacula
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10
Q

Common fibular nerve branches + innervations

A

Deep fibular nerve: supplies muscles in anterior compartment
Superficial fibular nerve: supplies muscles in lateral compartment.

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11
Q

Nerve supply to plantar muscles foot

A

All muscles in plantar aspect of foot are supplied by lateral plantar nerve except:
- Abductor hallucis
- Flexor hallucis brevis
- Flexor digitorum brevis
- 1st lumbrical.
These muscles are supplied by the medial plantar nerve.

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12
Q

Gastrocnemius

A
  • Posterior aspect of lateral condyle of femur + superior to medial condyle
  • Posterior surface of calcaneum via calcaneal tendon
  • Plantar flexion of ankle joint, flexion of knee joint, main propulsive force in walking and running
  • Tibial nerve
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13
Q

Soleus

A
  • Upper parts of shafts of tibia + fibula and tendinous arch between the two bones
  • Posterior surface of calcaneum via calcaneal tendon
  • Plantar flexion of ankle joint, postural muscle
  • Tibial nerve
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14
Q

Plantaris

A
  • Lower part of femur
  • Posterior surface of calcaneum via calcaneal tendon
  • Plantar flexion of ankle joint, flexion of knee joint
  • Tibial nerve
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15
Q

Tibialis anterior

A
  • Upper part of shaft of tibia
  • Medial cuneiform and base of first metatarsal
  • Dorsiflexion of ankle, inverts foot, helps maintain medial longitudinal arch of foot
  • Deep fibular nerve
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16
Q

Extensor digitorum longus

A
  • Shaft of fibula
  • Extensor hoods of lateral 4 toes
  • Dorsiflexion at ankle, extends lateral 4 toes
  • Deep fibular nerve
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17
Q

Extensor hallucis longus

A
  • Shaft of fibula
  • Base of distal phalanx of great toe
  • Dorsiflexion at ankle, extends great toe
  • Deep fibular nerve
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18
Q

Fibularis tertius

A
  • Shaft of fibula
  • Base of fifth metatarsal
  • Dorsiflexion at ankle, everts foot
  • Deep fibular nerve
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19
Q

Fibularis longus

A
  • Lateral aspect of shaft of fibula
  • Base of 1st metatarsal + medial cuneiform
  • Everts foot, weakly plantarflexes ankle, prevents medial overbalancing at ankle joint, supports arches of foot
  • Superficial fibular nerve
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20
Q

Fibularis brevis

A
  • Lateral aspect of shaft of fibula
  • Base of 5th metatarsal bone
  • Everts foot, weakly plantarflexes ankle, prevents medial overbalancing at ankle joint supports lateral longitudinal arch
  • Superficial fibular nerve
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21
Q

Extensor digitorum brevis

A
  • Calcaneus
  • Long extensor tendons of middle 3 digits
  • Extends middle 3 digits
  • Deep fibular nerve
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22
Q

Popliteus

A
  • Lateral femoral condyle
  • Posterior surface of proximal tibia
  • Stabilizes knee joint, unlocks knee at start of flexion by lateral rotation of femur on fixed tibia
  • Tibial nerve
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23
Q

Flexor digitorum longus

A
  • Shaft of tibia
  • Distal phalanges of lateral four toes
  • Flexes lateral 4 toes, plantar flexes ankle, supports arch of foot
  • Tibial nerve
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24
Q

Flexor hallucis longus

A
  • Shaft of fibula
  • Base of distal phalanx of great toe
  • Flexes great toe, plantar flexes ankle, supports arch of foot
  • Tibial nerve
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25
Q

Tibialis posterior

A
  • Shafts of tibia + fibula + interosseous membrane
  • Most of tarsal bones
  • Plantar flexes ankle, inverts foot, supports medial arch of foot
  • Tibial nerve
26
Q

Muscles of sole of foot superficial

A
  • Abductor hallucis
  • Flexor digitorum brevis
  • Abductor digiti minimi
27
Q

Abductor hallucis

A
  • Calcaneus
  • Proximal phalanx great toe
  • Abducts + flexes great toe at MTP joint
  • Medial plantar
28
Q

Flexor digitorum brevis

A
  • Calcaneus
  • Middle phalanx of 4 lateral toes
  • Flexes 4 toes at PIP + MTP joints
  • Medial plantar
29
Q

Abductor digiti minimi

A
  • Calcaneus
  • Proximal phalanx little toe
  • Abducts little toe at MTP joint
  • Lateral plantar
30
Q

Muscles of sole of foot second layer

A
  • Accessory flexor
  • Four lumbricals
31
Q

Muscle of sole of foot third layer

A
  • Flexor hallucis brevis
  • Adductor hallucis
  • Flexor digiti minimi brevis
32
Q

Muscles of sole of foot fourth layer

A
  • Four dorsal interossei
  • Three plantar interossei
33
Q

What does the deep fibular nerve supply?

A
  • All muscles in anterior compartment
  • Extensor digitorum brevis
  • Skin between great + second toe
34
Q

What does the superficial fibular nerve supply?

A
  • All muscles of lateral compartment
  • Skin of anterior leg
  • Skin of dorsum of foot (except skin between great + second toe) and lateral side of little toe
35
Q

Accessory flexor

A
  • Calcaneus
  • Each of tendons of flexor digitorum longus
  • Aids long flexor tendon to flex lateral 4 toes
  • Lateral plantar nerve
36
Q

Four lumbricals

A
  • Tendons of flexor digitorum longus
  • Dorsal hoods of lateral four toes
  • Extends toes at IP joints, flexion of MTP joints
  • First lumbrical: medial plantar. Remainder: lateral plantar
37
Q

Flexor hallucis brevis

A
  • Plantar aspect of tarsal bones
  • Proximal phalanx of great toe
  • Flexes MTP joint of great toe
  • Medial plantar
38
Q

Adductor hallucis

A
  • Plantar aspect of metatarsal bones
  • Proximal phalanx of great toe
  • Adducts great toe
  • Lateral plantar
39
Q

Flexor digiti minimi brevis

A
  • 5th metatarsal
  • Proximal phalanx of little toe
  • Flexes MTP joint of little toe
  • lateral plantar
40
Q

Four dorsal interossei

A
  • Adjacent sides of metatarsals
  • Extensor hoods of 2nd, 3r, 4th toes
  • Abducts toes
  • Lateral plantar
41
Q

Three plantar interossei

A
  • Sides of metatarsals
  • Extensor hoods 3rd, 4th, 5th toes
  • Adducts toes
  • Lateral plantar
42
Q

Following a motor collision, a man has difficulty walking. Examination reveals that he is unable to dorsiflex or plantar-flex his foot. You suspect a nerve injury. Your diagnosis is confirmed by a loss of sensation in which area?

A

Below the knee, lateral leg, lateral dorsum of foot, plantar aspect of foot.

43
Q

Spinal cords for calcaneal tendon reflex?

A

S1, S2

44
Q

List the bones which form the medial longitudinal arch.

A

Calcaneus, talus, navicular, 3 cuneiforms, 3 medial metatarsals.

45
Q

Muscles in the leg that prevent overbalancing forwards

A

Soleus, Gastrocnemius, Plantaris, Flexor hallucis longus, Flexor digitorum longus, Tibialis posterior.

46
Q

Terminal branches of posterior tibial artery?

A

Posterior Tibial artery divides into medial and lateral plantar arteries, deep to the flexor retinaculum, posterior to the medial malleolus.

47
Q

Sural nerve?

A

Cutaneous branch of tibial nerve
Passes around lateral malleolus + enters foot
Innervates skin of postero-lateral aspect of leg and lateral aspect of foot & little toe.

48
Q

Where can you find the pulse of the posterior tibial artery

A

Midway between medial malleolus + heel

49
Q

What are the results of injuring tibial nerve?

A

Weakness in plantarflexion
Weakness in flexion of toes
Diminished sensation over sole of foot (medial & lateral plantar nerves)
Diminished sensation over postero-lateral aspect of leg and lateral aspect of foot and little toe (sural nerve)

50
Q

Injury to common fibular nerve

A
  • Impaired sensation over anterolateral surface of leg + dorsum of foot
  • Paralysis of muscles in anterior compartment + extensor digitorum brevis –> cannot dorsi flex ankle. Plantar flexors are unopposed = footdrop.
  • Paralysis of muscles in lateral compartment - cannot evert foot.
51
Q

Where can you find the dorsalis pedis artery pulse?

A

Midway between medial + lateral malleoli on dorsum of foot.

52
Q

Articulations in knee joint

A
  • Two articulations between condyles of femur and condules of tibia.
  • Articulation between patella + lower end of shaft of femur
53
Q

Anterior drawer test

A

When knee joint is flexed at right angles, tibia cannot normally be pulled anteriorly bc it is held in place by ACL.

54
Q

Posterior drawer test

A

When knee joint is flexed at right angles, tibia cannot normally be pushed posteriorly because its held in place by PCL.

55
Q

Menisci attachments

A

Both are attached at their anterior and posterior ends to the intercondylar area of tibia.
Medial = attached to capsule of joint + tibial collateral ligament

56
Q

To locate great saphenous vein, where should skin be incised?

A

Anterior + superior to medial malleolus

57
Q

Where is the common fibular nerve liable to injury?

A

As it winds around lateral surface of the neck of fibula.

58
Q

Proximal tibiofibular joint

A

Plane synovial
Head of fibula + lateral condyle of tibia
Slight gliding movement

59
Q

Distal tibiofibular joint

A

Fibrous joint

60
Q

Subtalar

A

Inferior surface of talus and superior surface of calcaneus
Synovial
Stabilized by talocalcaneal ligaments
Joint where majority of inversion and eversion take place

61
Q

Talo-calcaneo-navicular joint

A

Strengthened by spring ligament
Inversion/eversion

FM1010 (50 decks)

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