B-25. Anthelmintics (salicylanilides, substituted phenols, isoquinolines, clorsulon, monepantel, emodepside)

Question 1

Must know drugs isoquinolones

Answer 1

Praziquantel

Question 2

Drugs salicylamides

Answer 2

Closantel
Oxyclosanide
Niclosamide

Question 3

Drugs of substituted phenols

Answer 3

Nitroxinil
diamphenethide

Question 4

Mode of action of salicylamides

Answer 4

Vermicidal, allows H+leakage into mitochondria

Question 5

Mode of action of substituted phenols

Answer 5

Vermicidal, allows H+ into mitochondria

Question 6

Diamphenetide spectrum

Answer 6

Unique high activity against youngest immature fluke stages

Question 7

Salicylamides & substitute phenols spectrum

Answer 7

For sheep & cattle against : fasciolosis & haemonchosis
For 6 week old fluckes
AC & AN

Question 8

Salicylamides & substituted phenols drugs acting as AN

Answer 8

Closantel
Oxyclosanide
Nitroxinil

Question 9

Salicylamides & substituted phenols having AC activity

Answer 9

Nitroscanate
Dichlorophen
Nicliosamide

Question 10

Pk of Closantel

Answer 10

Long half life
Excr: bile & faeces
Residues detected in liver for WEEKS

Question 11

PK of Oxyclozanide

Answer 11

Long half life
Excr: bile & faeces
Residues detected in liver for WEEKS

Question 12

Nitroxinil PK

Answer 12

Destroyed by rumen bact, has to be given SC

Question 13

Metabolism of diamphenetide

Answer 13

Gut & liver

Question 14

Toxicity of salicylamides & substituted phenols

Answer 14

Not safe (low ti)
Normal dose: anorexia, unformed faeces
High dose: blindness, hyperthermia, convulsions, death

Question 15

Administration route of salicylamides & substituted phenols

Answer 15

All PO except Nitroxinil (SC)

Question 16

Isoquinolone drugs

Answer 16

Praziquantel & Epsiprantel

Question 17

Mode of action of isoquinolones

Answer 17

Interfere with IC calcium —> spastic paralysis

Question 18

Spectrum of isoquinolones

Answer 18

AC & AT (not liver flukes)
High efficacy against matur & larval stages

Question 19

Resistance of isoquinolones

Answer 19

Liver flukes

Question 20

ADME of isoquinolones

Answer 20

A: rapid & complète from GI
D: all organs
M: hydroxyl action into inactive form in liver
E: bile

Question 21

Administration routes of praziquantel

Answer 21

PO: Ru, Eq, poultry, Ca, Fe
SC: Ca, Fe

Question 22

Administration route of epsiprantel

Answer 22

SC: Ca

Question 23

Indication of Epsiprantel

Answer 23

Echinococcus

Question 24

Clorsulon
Mode of action, pk, administration

Answer 24

Inhibition of glycosidic pathway in LIVER FLUKES
safe, plasma bound
PO: Sheep ; SC: bovine (combined with ivermectin)
NOT FOR DAIRY CATTLE

Question 25

Monepantel
Mode of action
Toxicity
Spectrum
PK

Answer 25

Agonist nAch receptor
Safe
Narrow, GI nematodes (includes hypobiotic larvae)
Abs: Good ; excr: faeces

Question 26

Emodepside:
Mode of action
Spectrum
Combination

Answer 26

Inhibition of synaptic transmission
GI nematodes, roundworm, hookworms
Cats: combo Praziquantel (topical)
Dogs: combo Praziquantel (PO)
Puppies: Toltrazuril